Satodairi

A temporary Imperial Palace established outside the Daidairi (in the Sato area). It is also called the Imadairi. It was often used as the private residence of regents and chancellors. It is said to have begun in 976 (Teigen 1), when the Dairi burned down and Emperor Enyu used the Horikawa Palace of the chancellor Fujiwara Kanemichi as his residence until it was rebuilt. After that, when the Dairi began to burn down frequently due to arson and other reasons, almost certain residences became Satodairi, such as Emperor Ichijo's Ichijo Palace and Emperor Sanjo's Biwa Palace. The sleeping quarters, facing buildings, and corridors were used in imitation of the buildings of the Dairi, and when they were repaired or rebuilt, they were sometimes remodeled to be more suitable for the Dairi.

From the mid-Heian period onwards, it became common for residences to be constructed with the intention of using them as Sato-dairi (village-like palaces), and the emperor would spend his daily life there, returning to the Dairi only to perform ceremonies. Representative Sato-dairi (village-like palaces) of the time included Kayanoin, Horikawadono, Higashisanjodono, Oinomikadodono, and Tsuchimikadodono. The original Dairi was never rebuilt after it burned down in 1227 (Antei 1), and Tominokojidono, Kan'indono, and others were made Sato-dairi (village-like palaces), but in the late Kamakura period, the conflict between the Daikakuji and Jimyoin lines began to have a major influence on the selection of Sato-dairi (village-like palaces).

As a result, after the Kenmu Restoration failed, Emperor Komyo, who was supported by Ashikaga Takauji, made the Tsuchimikado Higashinotoin Palace, which had previously been used by Emperor Kogon of the same Jimyoin line when he ascended to the throne, his Imperial Palace, in order to counter Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji line. From then on, this place was established as the Imperial Palace, and Shishinden and other buildings were built. It continued to exist until the capital was moved to Tokyo in 1869 (Meiji 2), despite repeated fires and reconstructions. This is the current Kyoto Imperial Palace.

[Sanae Yoshida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大内裏の外（里）に設けられた仮の内裏。今内裏ともいう。多く摂政(せっしょう)・関白などの私邸があてられた。976年（貞元1）内裏が焼失し、再建までの間、円融(えんゆう)天皇が関白藤原兼通(かねみち)の堀河殿(ほりかわどの)を居所としたことに始まるとされる。その後、放火などにより内裏がたびたび炎上するようになると、一条(いちじょう)天皇の一条殿や、三条(さんじょう)天皇の枇杷(びわ)殿などのように、ほぼ特定の邸宅が里内裏になった。寝殿(しんでん)、対屋(たいのや)、廊などを、内裏の殿舎になぞらえて使用し、修理や再建のときは、より内裏にふさわしいように改造されることもあった。

　平安中期以後は、初めから里内裏にする予定で邸宅を造営し、天皇は日常をそこで過ごし、儀式を行うときのみ内裏に帰る、という状況が多くなる。当時の代表的な里内裏には、高陽院(かやのいん)、堀河殿、東三条殿、大炊御門殿(おおいのみかどどの)、土御門殿(つちみかどどの)などがある。本来の内裏は1227年（安貞1）に焼失してからは再建されることなく、富小路殿(とみのこうじどの)、閑院殿(かんいんどの)などが里内裏とされたが、鎌倉後期になって、大覚寺統と持明院統の対立が里内裏の選定に大きな影響を与えるようになった。

　その結果、建武(けんむ)の新政が挫折(ざせつ)したのち、足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)に擁立された光明(こうみょう)天皇は、大覚寺統の後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇に対抗する意味もあって、以前同じ持明院統の光厳(こうごん)天皇が位につくときに使用された土御門東洞院殿を内裏とした。以後はここが内裏として定まり、紫宸殿(ししんでん)ほかの殿舎も設けられ、火災と再建を繰り返しながら、1869年（明治2）の東京遷都まで続いた。これが現在の京都御所である。

［吉田早苗］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例