A polyhedron (hexahedron) whose six faces are all rectangular. Opposite faces are parallel, and adjacent faces intersect at right angles. A hexahedron whose faces are all parallelograms is called a parallelepiped, and since the opposite faces are parallel, a rectangular prism can be considered a special case of a parallelepiped. It is invariant to rotations of 180° around the line connecting the center of gravity of one face and the center of gravity of the opposite face. It is also invariant to symmetric movements about three planes containing the symmetry axes of the rectangles of each face and the symmetry axes of the rectangles of the opposite faces. A rectangular prism has 8 vertices, 12 sides, and 6 faces. Three sides meet at one vertex. If the lengths of these sides are a , b , and c , the volume of the rectangular prism is a b c and the surface area is 2 ( a b + b c + c a ). The length of the diagonal of the rectangular prism is also . A rectangular prism whose all faces are squares is a cube. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
六つの面すべてが長方形である多面体(六面体)。向かい合う面は平行であり,隣り合う面は互いに直角に交わる。すべての面が平行四辺形である六面体は平行六面体と呼ばれ,その向かい合う面は平行なので,直方体は平行六面体の特別な場合とみなせる。一つの面の重心と,向かい合った面の重心を結ぶ直線を軸とする回転角 180°の回転移動によって不変である。また,それぞれの面の長方形の対称軸と,向かい合う面の長方形の対称軸を含む三つの平面に関する対称移動で不変である。直方体の頂点の数は 8,辺の数は 12,面の数は 6である。一つの頂点には 3本の辺が集まる。これらの辺の長さを a,b,c とするとき,直方体の体積は abc,表面積は 2(ab+bc+ca)となる。また,直方体の対角線の長さは となる。すべての面が正方形であるような直方体は立方体である。
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