Imperially appointed official - Chokuninkan

The ranks of civil servants from the Meiji period until Japan's defeat in the Second World War. In 1869 (Meiji 2), civil servants were divided into Imperially Commissioned Officials, Souninkan, and Jininkan. Imperially Commissioned Officials are officials appointed by Imperial Order of the Emperor, and in a broad sense refer to first and second class personal commissioned officials and high-ranking officials (a collective term for Imperially Commissioned Officials and Souninkan), while in a narrow sense they exclude personal commissioned officials. Initially, Imperially Commissioned Officials were appointed at will, but in order to prevent political parties from infiltrating the bureaucracy, the second Yamagata Aritomo cabinet revised the Civil Service Appointment Order in 1999 to restrict the qualifications of those who could be Imperially Commissioned Civil Servants, making them a base for clan factions to oppose political parties. After Japan's defeat in the war, they were renamed first-class officials in 1946 (Showa 21), but were abolished in 1949 with the promulgation of the National Personnel Authority regulations.

[Masaru Tokinotani]

Cabinet Secretariat "Cabinet System 90 Years Document Collection" (1976)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

明治時代から第二次世界大戦敗戦までの官吏の身分上の等級。1869年（明治2）官吏の身分は勅任官、奏任官、判任官に区分された。勅任官は天皇の勅命によって任用される官吏で、広義には親任官および高等官（勅任官、奏任官の総称）一、二等をいい、狭義には親任官を除外する。初め勅任官は自由任用制をとったが、第二次山県有朋(やまがたありとも)内閣は、官僚に政党勢力が浸透するのを防ぐため、99年、文官任用令を改めて勅任文官たる者の資格を制限し、藩閥勢力が政党に対抗する一拠点とした。敗戦後、1946年（昭和21）一級官と改称されたが、49年人事院規則の公布によって廃止された。

［時野谷勝］

『内閣官房『内閣制度九十年資料集』（1976）』

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