A type of accidental used in staff notation to indicate the key of a piece of music. It is also called a key signature. The derived notes of each key are written together at the beginning of the staff using sharps (♯) and flats (♭), and are written after the clef (etc.) on each line of music. The key signature is valid for all notes of the same name (not just the same pitch) for the duration of the staff, regardless of changes in the clef. The major scale sign (♮) is also sometimes used as part of the key signature when modulating. Semitone changes such as leading tones in minor keys are written as accidentals and are not indicated in the key signature. The invention of key signatures originated in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the current system of key signatures was not established until the late Baroque period, and was suitable for the tonal music of the Classical and Romantic periods. In the late Romantic period, as modulations became more frequent and tonality itself was broken down, key signatures gradually lost their meaning. In the composition of modern music and the notation of music of various ethnic groups, key signatures that differ from the usual ones are sometimes used. [Noriko Shibata] [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Key signature (key name and tonic) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
五線記譜法で用いる変化記号の一種で、楽曲の調を示す。調子記号ともいわれる。各調の音階に含まれる派生音を嬰(えい)記号(♯、シャープ)と変記号(♭、フラット)で譜表の初めにまとめて記したもので、楽曲では音部記号(など)の次に毎段書かれる。調号は、その五線譜が続く間、音部記号の変化に関係なく、それがつけられた同音名の音すべて(同一音高だけでなく)に有効となる。なお、本位記号(♮)も転調時に調号の一つとして用いられることもある。また、短調における導音などの半音変化は臨時記号として記され、調号では示されない。 調記号のくふうは11~12世紀に端を発するが、現在のような調号の体系がほぼ確立したのは後期バロック以降のことで、古典派やロマン派の調性音楽には好都合であった。後期ロマン派になり、転調が頻繁に行われ、さらに調性自体が崩壊されると、調号はその意味をしだいに失っていく。現代音楽の作曲や諸民族の音楽の五線譜化に際しては、通常の調号とは異なるものが使用されることもある。 [柴田典子] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 調号(調名と主音) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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