Its correct name is 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, a conjugated diene. Its chemical formula is H 2 C=C(CH 3 )-CH=CH 2 . It is obtained by pyrolysis of natural rubber and turpentine oil (also called turpentine oil). It is a colorless liquid with a faint pungent odor. Industrially, it is obtained as one of the by-products of the thermal cracking of naphtha or diesel, or is produced by dehydrating isopentane obtained from petroleum, or from isobutene and formaldehyde, or from acetylene and acetone. It is polymerized using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst to produce polyisoprene, in which all double bonds are in the cis configuration, just like natural rubber, and is used as synthetic natural rubber. This shows high elasticity, but on the other hand, polymers polymerized with isoprene without a catalyst show no elasticity because all double bonds are in the trans configuration. Also, copolymerized with isobutylene, commonly known as butyl rubber, has poor elasticity because it does not contain double bonds. It is believed that the skeleton of natural terpenes was photosynthesized from isoprene units. [Tokumaru Katsumi] "Handbook of Adhesive Technology" edited by Donatas Satas, supervised by Hiroshi Mizumachi, translated by Masao Inoue et al. (1997, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun) " "Organometallics and Catalysts: Application to Industrial Processes" written by R. Whyman, translated by Takao Ikariya and Toru Yamada (2003, Kagaku Dojin) [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
正しくは2-メチル-1,3-ブタジエンといい、共役ジエンの一つ。化学式H2C=C(CH3)-CH=CH2。天然ゴムやテレビン油(テレピン油ともいう)を熱分解すると得られる。 無色の弱い刺激臭をもつ液体。工業的にはナフサや軽油の熱分解の副生成物の一つとして得られ、また石油から得られるイソペンタンの脱水、あるいはイソブテンとホルムアルデヒドから、またはアセチレンとアセトンから製造される。これをツィーグラー・ナッタ型の触媒を用いて重合させて、天然ゴムと同様にすべての二重結合がシス型の配置をとったポリイソプレンとし、合成天然ゴムsynthetic natural rubberとして利用する。これは高い弾性を示すが、他方イソプレンをとくに触媒を用いずに重合させた重合体は、すべての二重結合がトランス型の配置をとるため、弾性を示さない。あるいはイソブチレンと共重合させた通称ブチルゴムは二重結合を含まないため、弾性が乏しい。天然のテルペンの骨格はイソプレン単位から光合成されたと考えられている。 [徳丸克己] 『Donatas Satas編著、水町浩監訳、井上雅雄ほか訳『粘着技術ハンドブック』(1997・日刊工業新聞社)』▽『R・ホワイマン著、碇屋隆雄・山田徹訳『有機金属と触媒――工業プロセスへの展開』(2003・化学同人)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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