This refers to the period during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (reigned 1703-30), when art, literature, science, and other subjects were introduced from Western Europe, especially during the period from 1718 to 1730, when Islamic and European cultures came into contact and produced a magnificent new culture. During this period, tulips, which had spread from Turkey to Europe, were reimported and cultivated nationwide, including in royal gardens, and became popular, hence the name. Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha promoted exchanges with the French court, and also supported and protected scholars and poets. In 1727, a printing press in Turkish was opened, and dictionaries and history books were published. Rococo-style palaces and gardens were built by architects invited from Europe, where the sultans enjoyed themselves to the fullest. However, inflation caused by extravagance increased public discontent, and in 1730, the Patrona Halil Rebellion broke out. As a result, Ibrahim Pasha was executed and Türkiye's first attempt at Westernization failed. [Yuzo Nagata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オスマン帝国のスルタン、アフメト3世(在位1703~30)治世下、とくに1718年から30年に至る対外的に平和な時期に、西欧から芸術、文学、科学などが導入され、イスラム文化とヨーロッパ文化の接触による華麗な新文化を生み出した時代をいう。この時期に、かつてトルコからヨーロッパに伝播(でんぱ)したチューリップが再輸入され、王宮庭園をはじめ全国的に栽培され流行したことから、この名前がつけられた。大宰相イブラヒム・パシャはフランス宮廷との交流を図り、また学者や詩人を援助し、保護した。1727年、トルコ語による印刷所が開設され、辞書、歴史書などが出版された。ヨーロッパから招聘(しょうへい)された建築家によってロココ風の宮殿、庭園などがつくられ、そこではスルタンたちが歓楽を極めた。しかし、浪費によるインフレは民衆の不満を増大させ、30年、パトロナ・ハリルの反乱が勃発(ぼっぱつ)した。その結果、イブラヒム・パシャは処刑され、トルコにおける最初の西欧化の試みは失敗した。 [永田雄三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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