Chukchi people - Chukchi (English spelling)

Japanese: チュクチ族 - チュクチぞく（英語表記）Chukchi

An ethnic minority group living on the Chukchi Peninsula in the northeastern tip of Siberia. They are morphologically Mongoloid. They have a population of about 15,000. They are divided into the Sea Chukchi and the Reindeer Chukchi. Their language is Old Siberian. The Sea Chukchi, who engage in fishing on the coast, call themselves Ankarun and live in semi-underground dwellings. The Reindeer Chukchi, who engage in reindeer herding on the tundra, live in skin tents and move around according to the season. Among the Paleo-Asian peoples, they are closely related to the Koryaks and Itelmens. Their religion is shamanism, and they communicate with spirits by going into a hypnotic state and perform rituals for predictions and healing. Their social unit is an exogamous clan-like family, but they have developed an organization of mutual assistance between families called the varat.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

シベリアの北東端のチュクチ半島に住む少数民族。形質的にはモンゴロイドに属する。人口約1万 5000。海チュクチとトナカイ・チュクチとに分れる。言語は古シベリア諸語に属する。海岸で漁労に従う海チュクチはアンカルンと自称し，半地下式住居に定住する。ツンドラでトナカイ放牧に従うトナカイ・チュクチは，皮張りテントに住み季節によって移動する。古アジア諸族のうちでもコリャーク族およびイテリメン族と近い関係にある。宗教はシャーマニズムで，催眠状態に入って霊と交信し，予言と治療のために儀礼を行う。外婚制氏族的な家族が社会単位であるが，バラトゥ varatという家族間の相互援助の組織を発達させている。

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