Senyomon-in

Japanese: 宣陽門院 - せんようもんいん

Year of death: 8th June 1252 (15th July 1252)
Year of birth: 1181.11.13 (1181.10.5)
A Nyoin (emperor of the early to mid-Kamakura period). Her name was Kinko, and she was the favorite daughter of Emperor Goshirakawa. Her mother was the emperor's favorite concubine Tango no Tsubone (Junior Second Rank Takashina Eiko), who wielded great power and was known as the "wife of the regent." In 1189 she became an Imperial Princess, and in 1191 she was given the title of Empress. Just before the emperor died the following year, he bestowed upon the Empress the Rokujo Palace and its attached Chokodo Hall (a Buddhist altar), as well as a vast group of 75 manors (the Chokodo estate). The Empress's guardian at the time was Minamoto no Michichika, a close vassal of the emperor and Emperor Gotoba, who had allied with Tango no Tsubone and brought about the downfall of regent Kujo Kanezane. In 1200, Nyoin adopted Prince Masanari, the son of Gotoba, and raised him, but Masanari was exiled to Tajima by the Kamakura shogunate in 1221 during the Jokyu War. She then adopted the eldest son of the regent Konoe Iezane. In 1226, at the age of just nine, the eldest son became the Empress of Emperor Go-Horikawa, but after Iezane's downfall, she was given the title of Empress (Takatsukasa-in) in 1229, and thereafter lived with Nyoin. Nyoin died at Fushimidono in 1252, but her Chokodo estate was passed down to the retired Emperor Gofukakusa, becoming the economic foundation of the Jimyoin line.

(Kiyoko Akiyama)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：建長4.6.8(1252.7.15)
生年：養和1.10.5(1181.11.13)
鎌倉前・中期の女院。名は覲子。後白河法皇が寵愛した皇女。母は権勢を振るい「執権の女房」といわれた法皇の寵妾丹後局(従二位高階栄子)。文治5(1189)年内親王となり,建久2(1191)年院号宣下。翌3年に死亡した法皇は,亡くなる直前に御所六条殿とそれに付属する持仏堂の長講堂,および75カ所という膨大な荘園群(長講堂領)を女院に譲与した。当時女院を後見していたのは,法皇や後鳥羽天皇の近臣で,丹後局と結び摂関九条兼実を失脚させた源通親であった。正治2(1200)年女院は,後鳥羽の子雅成親王を養子として引き取り養育したが,雅成は承久3(1221)年の承久の乱で鎌倉幕府により但馬に流された。その後,関白近衛家実の娘長子を養女とした。長子は嘉禄2(1226)年わずか9歳で後堀河天皇の中宮となったが,家実の失脚により寛喜1(1229)年院号宣下を受け(鷹司院),以後女院と同居した。女院は,建長4(1252)年伏見殿で没したが,所有の長講堂領は後深草上皇に伝えられ,持明院統の経済的基盤となった。

(秋山喜代子)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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