Moderation - Chuyo

Japanese: 中庸 - ちゅうよう

[1] [noun] ① (adjective) To be something that is always the same, without leaning to either side. Being in harmony, without excess or deficiency. Also, the state of being. Moderation. Middle way. ※Nihon Shoki Kanekusho (1481) “The inner scriptures also have the middle way as their true nature. The apocrypha also has the golden mean as their basis.” ※Ninjyobon, Shuniro Baiko Homyo (1832-33) later “Human beings should aim for moderation in all things, but doing things in moderation is also difficult.” [Book of Rites – Doctrine of the Mean] ② (adjective) To be ordinary. Ordinary. Also, the state of being or a person. Ordinary. Ordinary person. [Shikiha Jiruisho (1177-81)] [Xunzi – Kingship] ③ The central concept in Aristotle’s theory of virtue. To control desires and actions with reason, and to be in the right middle between the two extremes of excess and insufficiency. For example, courage is somewhere between cowardice and brutality, after considering the specific circumstances revealed by reason. [2] A Chinese classic. One of the Four Books. One volume. It is said to have been compiled by Zisi. It is the chapter on the Doctrine of the Mean that was separated from the Book of Rites. It is divided into the first half, which explains the truth of the unity of heaven and man, the Doctrine of the Mean, and the second half, which explains its specific application, sincerity. It comprehensively organizes and systematizes previous Confucian theories, making their metaphysical basis clear. In later generations, the "Chapters and Verses on the Doctrine of the Mean" compiled by Zhu Xi was widely used.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① (形動) どちらにも片寄らないで常に変わらないこと。過不足がなく調和がとれていること。また、そのさま。中正。中道。※日本書紀兼倶抄（1481）「内典も中道実相ぞ。外典にも中庸を本にするぞ」※人情本・春色梅児誉美（1832‐33）後「人間万事中庸(チウヨウ)の、ほどよくするはかたくもあるかな」〔礼記‐中庸〕② (形動) ふつうであること。尋常であること。また、そのさまや人。凡庸。常人。〔色葉字類抄（1177‐81）〕〔荀子‐王制〕③ アリストテレスの徳論の中心概念。理性によって欲望と行動を統制し、過大と過小との両極端の正しい中間に身をおくこと。たとえば、勇気は、理性によって明らかにされた具体的な事情を考えた上で、卑怯と粗暴との中間であるとすること。[2] 中国の経書。四書の一つ。一巻。子思撰と伝える。「礼記」から中庸篇を独立させたもの。天人合一の真理、中庸を説く前半とその具体的な運用である誠を説く後半に分けられ、先行の儒学説を総合整理して体系化し形而上学的根拠を明白にしている。後世、朱子の編纂した「中庸章句」が多く世に行なわれた。

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