Capital - Chuto (English spelling) capital

Japanese: 柱頭 - ちゅうとう（英語表記）capital

Architectural term. The carved shape at the top of a column. It has a mechanical meaning of supporting the architrave over a wide area and softening the weight of the upper part of the building and transferring it to the column shaft, as well as an aesthetic and decorative meaning. The decorative style of the capital varies depending on the era and region. In Egypt, many capitals were stylized with lotus, papyrus, or palmette flowers. In Greece, there are three types of capitals: the simple Doric type with a flat bowl-shaped echinus, the elegant Ionic type with a combination of scrolls on the left and right, front and back, and the ornate Corinthian type with stylized acanthus leaves. In Rome, a composite type that combines Ionic and Corinthian styles was adopted. Furthermore, in the medieval Christian period, Byzantine architecture was funnel-shaped with complex floral decorations, Romanesque architecture was dice-shaped or square-shaped, and Gothic architecture was generally cup-shaped with high legs.

Capital
stigma

The tip of the pistil. It often secretes mucus on its surface to capture pollen and moisture that helps pollen tube germination.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

建築用語。柱の最上部にある刳形 (くりかた) 。アーキトレーブを広い面積で支え，建築上部の重みをやわらげて柱身に伝達するという力学的な意味と美的，装飾的意味とをもつ。柱頭の装飾様式は，時代と地域によって異なる。エジプトではロータス，パピルス，パルメットの花を様式化した柱頭のものが多い。ギリシアでは平鉢形のエキノスをもつ簡素なドーリス式，渦巻形を左右前後に組合せた優美なイオニア式，アカンサスの葉を様式化した華麗なコリント式の3つの柱頭がある。ローマではイオニア式とコリント式を混合して組合せたコンポジット式が採用された。さらに中世キリスト教時代には，ビザンチン建築では複雑な草花の装飾を施したじょうご形，ロマネスク建築では骰子 (とうし) 形，方円形が多く，ゴシック建築では高脚杯形が一般的となっている。