A type of covalent bond. Representative examples include the bond between two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule and the carbon-carbon bond in acetylene (an alkyne) HC≡CH. The triple bond between these two carbon atoms is called an acetylene bond. The outermost electrons of nitrogen atoms have a configuration of (2p x ) 1 (2p y ) 1 (2p z ) 1 , but the two nitrogen atoms form covalent bonds between p x , p y , and p z , respectively, so three bonds are formed between the nitrogen nuclei. If the bond axis is taken as the z axis, a σ (sigma) bond is formed from the overlap of p z , and a π (pi) bond is formed between p y and p z . Therefore, the three bonds are made up of one σ bond and two π bonds. In the case of acetylene, the σ bond is formed from the sp hybrid orbital of the carbon atom, and the other two bonds are π bonds formed by the overlap of the p x and p y orbitals of the carbon atom. In general, the interatomic distance of a triple bond is shorter than that of a double bond, and triple bonds in carbon compounds are highly reactive and unstable. [Takashi Shimozawa] [Reference] | |σ bond: 2p bond overlap exampleπ bond: 2p-2p bond overlap example ©Shogakukan "> Triple bond in nitrogen molecule ©Shogakukan "> Acetylene triple bond Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
共有結合の一様式。窒素分子の中の二つの窒素原子間の結合や、アセチレン(アルキンの一つ)H-C≡C-Hの炭素間の結合が代表例。この二つの炭素原子間の三重結合をアセチレン結合という。 窒素原子の最外殻電子は(2px)1(2py)1(2pz)1の配置をもつが、二つの窒素原子は、それぞれpx、py、pzどうしが共有結合をつくるので、三つの結合が窒素原子核の間にできることになる。結合軸をz軸にとると、pzどうしの重なりからσ(シグマ)結合ができ、pyどうしとpzどうしからはπ(パイ)結合ができる。したがって、三つの結合はσ結合一つとπ結合二つからできていることになる。アセチレンの場合は、炭素原子のsp混成軌道からσ結合ができ、他の二つの結合は、炭素原子のpx、py軌道の重なりによるπ結合である。一般に三重結合の原子間距離は二重結合のそれより短く、また、炭素化合物における三重結合の反応性は高く、不安定である。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] | |σ結合:2pどうしの重例π結合:2p・2pどうしの重例©Shogakukan"> 窒素分子の三重結合 ©Shogakukan"> アセチレンの三重結合 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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