A type of covalent bond. Representative examples include the bond between two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule and the carbon-carbon bond in acetylene (an alkyne) HC≡CH. The triple bond between these two carbon atoms is called an acetylene bond. The outermost electrons of nitrogen atoms have a configuration of (2p x ) 1 (2p y ) 1 (2p z ) 1 , but the two nitrogen atoms form covalent bonds between p x , p y , and p z , respectively, so three bonds are formed between the nitrogen nuclei. If the bond axis is taken as the z axis, a σ (sigma) bond is formed from the overlap of p z , and a π (pi) bond is formed between p y and p z . Therefore, the three bonds are made up of one σ bond and two π bonds. In the case of acetylene, the σ bond is formed from the sp hybrid orbital of the carbon atom, and the other two bonds are π bonds formed by the overlap of the p x and p y orbitals of the carbon atom. In general, the interatomic distance of a triple bond is shorter than that of a double bond, and triple bonds in carbon compounds are highly reactive and unstable. [Takashi Shimozawa] [Reference] | |σ bond: 2p bond overlap exampleπ bond: 2p-2p bond overlap example ©Shogakukan "> Triple bond in nitrogen molecule ©Shogakukan "> Acetylene triple bond Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
共有結合の一様式。窒素分子の中の二つの窒素原子間の結合や、アセチレン(アルキンの一つ)H-C≡C-Hの炭素間の結合が代表例。この二つの炭素原子間の三重結合をアセチレン結合という。 窒素原子の最外殻電子は(2px)1(2py)1(2pz)1の配置をもつが、二つの窒素原子は、それぞれpx、py、pzどうしが共有結合をつくるので、三つの結合が窒素原子核の間にできることになる。結合軸をz軸にとると、pzどうしの重なりからσ(シグマ)結合ができ、pyどうしとpzどうしからはπ(パイ)結合ができる。したがって、三つの結合はσ結合一つとπ結合二つからできていることになる。アセチレンの場合は、炭素原子のsp混成軌道からσ結合ができ、他の二つの結合は、炭素原子のpx、py軌道の重なりによるπ結合である。一般に三重結合の原子間距離は二重結合のそれより短く、また、炭素化合物における三重結合の反応性は高く、不安定である。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] | |σ結合:2pどうしの重例π結合:2p・2pどうしの重例©Shogakukan"> 窒素分子の三重結合 ©Shogakukan"> アセチレンの三重結合 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Triplet state - triplet state
>>: The Thirty-Nine Articles of Faith
Costs incurred due to missed opportunities by doi...
Indirect arc furnaces are generally used in place...
1892‐1972 Philippine painter. Born in Paco, Manila...
…But in general, mobility is a defining feature o...
The world's largest general food manufacturer....
One of the Edo Castle gates. An important gate lea...
…There are two types of foxes: those whose summer...
…The fertilized egg is called a blastula. During ...
...However, the female Cuban tree frog Osteopilus...
A city in the central-western part of the Republi...
...The foothills that formed at that time have be...
...The flowers are mostly white, with thick petal...
...They have powerful limbs and long tails. Most ...
...On the condition that they abandon the Persian...
Spanish cellist and conductor. He played a decisi...