Central Treaty Organization

Japanese: 中央条約機構 - ちゅうおうじょうやくきこう(英語表記)Central Treaty Organization
Central Treaty Organization

Abbreviation: CENTO. A regional defense organization formed in 1955 with Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom as members. Historically, the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) was conceived as a central link between NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) in the west and SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) in the east, and was intended to play a part in the anti-communist defense system. However, in 1955, the Baghdad Pact was established, which symbolized the division of the Middle East. The contracting parties will cooperate for security and defense in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter (Article 1 of the Treaty). A Ministerial Council will be established as a permanent institution (Article 6 of the Treaty). The Suez Crisis of 1956, however, prompted the decline of British and French power in the Middle East and the remarkable advance of the United States in its place. In March 1959, Iraq withdrew from the treaty organization due to a revolution, and the headquarters was moved from Baghdad to Ankara. In August of the same year, the organization's name was changed to the Central Treaty Organization. The United States strengthened its power by concluding military agreements with three Middle Eastern countries. However, the very reason for the existence of the American-led CENTO came into question, as seen in the changes in international politics leading to the Yom Kippur War and the launch of the Arab Oil Strategy. As Middle Eastern countries withdrew one after another, the organization ceased to function, and was dissolved in October 1979.

[Yota Moriwaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

略称CENTO(セントー)。1955年に成立したイラン、イラク、パキスタン、トルコ、イギリスを構成員とする地域的防衛組織。沿革的には、西のNATO(ナトー)(北大西洋条約機構)と東のSEATO(シアトー)(東南アジア条約機構)を中央で連結するMETO(メトー)(中東条約機構)として、反共防衛体制の一翼を担うという構想がたてられていたが、結局、1955年、中近東の分裂を象徴するバグダード条約の成立をみた。締約国は、国連憲章第51条に従い、安全保障と防衛のための協力を行う(同条約1条)。常設機関として閣僚理事会が設置される(同6条)。ところで、1956年のスエズ事件は、中近東における英仏勢力の退潮とこれにかわるアメリカの顕著な進出を促した。1959年3月にはイラクが革命によって条約機構から脱退し、本部もバグダードからアンカラに移された。名称も同年8月、中央条約機構と改称された。アメリカは、中東の三国とそれぞれ軍事協定を結び、補強を図った。しかし、アメリカ主導のCENTOも、第四次中東戦争やアラブ石油戦略の発動に至る国際政局の推移にみられるように、その存在理由を問われることになった。中東諸国の相次ぐ脱退により、その機能を停止し、1979年10月には解散した。

[森脇庸太]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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