This refers to Typhoon No. 15 of 1959 (Showa 34). At the time, it caused the greatest damage since World War II. It formed in the sea east of the Mariana Islands on September 21, and developed rapidly, with the central pressure dropping by 91 hectopascals in the 24 hours from 9:00 on the 22nd to 9:00 on the 23rd. This super-large, powerful typhoon, which developed to a minimum pressure of 895 hectopascals, continued to move north without weakening much, and even when it made landfall near Cape Shionomisaki just after 6:00 on the 26th, it still maintained its power with a central pressure of 925 hectopascals, a maximum wind speed of 50 meters, and a storm radius of 250 kilometers with wind speeds of 25 meters or more. As a result, the Kii Peninsula and Tokai region experienced storms with maximum wind speeds of 30 meters or more. The typhoon then traveled quickly across Honshu, passing through Toyama Bay into the Sea of Japan, and making landfall again in the northern part of the Tohoku region. The front along the Tokaido coast became active due to the influence of the typhoon, causing heavy rainfall across most of the country except Kyushu, with the total rainfall exceeding 800 mm on the Kii Peninsula in particular. This typhoon caused a high tide in Ise Bay, with a meteorological tide of 3.45 meters recorded in Nagoya Port, the highest water level ever recorded. Of the 5,098 people killed or missing nationwide, 4,562 were in Aichi and Mie prefectures along the Ise Bay coast. Kuwana City and the southern part of Nagoya City were turned into a sea of mud, and transportation and communication networks were completely paralyzed for several days. This is a typical example of how social conditions in which cities developed on low-lying land close to sea level led to devastating damage. The Ise Bay Typhoon prompted the enactment of the Basic Act on Disaster Countermeasures in 1961, with the aim of establishing and promoting comprehensive, planned disaster prevention administration in order to protect the nation and the lives and property of its people from disasters. [Yo Narumura] "Izuminokai, ed., 'Ise Bay Typhoon: The Twenty Years After' (1979)" ▽ "Miwa Kazuo, 'The Sea Roars: The Day the Ise Bay Typhoon Struck' (1982, Bungeishunju)" ▽ "Fujisaki Yasuo, 'September Prayers: People Who Struggled Against the Ise Bay Typhoon' (1995, Roppo Publishing)" [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1959年(昭和34)の台風第15号のこと。当時、第二次世界大戦後最大の被害をもたらした。9月21日にマリアナ諸島の東海上で発生し、22日9時から23日9時までの24時間で実に91ヘクトパスカルも中心気圧が下がるなど、急速に発達した。最低気圧895ヘクトパスカルまで発達したこの超大型の強い台風は、その後もあまり衰えることなく北上、26日18時過ぎに潮岬(しおのみさき)付近に上陸したときでも、中心気圧925ヘクトパスカル、最大風速50メートル、25メートル以上の暴風半径は250キロメートルという勢力を保っていた。このため紀伊半島や東海地方では、最大風速30メートル以上の暴風となった。台風はその後、速い速度で本州を縦断し、富山湾から日本海へ抜け、東北地方北部に再上陸した。東海道沿岸にあった前線は台風の影響を受けて活発化し、九州を除くほとんど全国で大雨となり、とくに紀伊半島では、総降水量が800ミリメートルを超えた。 この台風は伊勢湾に高潮を引き起こし、名古屋港で3.45メートルという観測史上最高水位の気象潮を観測している。全国の死者・行方不明者5098人のうち、伊勢湾沿岸の愛知・三重両県で4562人を占めた。桑名市と名古屋市南部などは、泥海と化し、数日間は交通や通信網が完全に麻痺(まひ)状態となった。海面すれすれの低地に都市が発展していった社会的条件が、被害を甚大なものにしていった典型的な例である。伊勢湾台風をきっかけとして、国土および国民の生命財産を災害から守るため、総合的、計画的な防災行政の整備と推進を目的とした災害対策基本法が1961年に制定された。 [饒村 曜] 『いずみの会編・刊『伊勢湾台風 その後二十年』(1979)』▽『三輪和雄著『海吠える 伊勢湾台風が襲った日』(1982・文芸春秋)』▽『藤崎康夫著『九月の祈り――伊勢湾台風と闘った人びと』(1995・六法出版社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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