Free tune - Jyuuritsu

Japanese: 自由律 - じゆうりつ
Free tune - Jyuuritsu

In tanka and haiku, this style has a free rhythm as opposed to the fixed rhythm of 5-7-5-7-7 (tanka) and 5-7-5 (haiku).

[Yoshikazu Nakano]

tanka

This name arose from the attempt to express modern feelings of life and poetic emotions in a free melody unconstrained by traditional forms. It is also called non-standard tanka. The use of extra characters and breaking rhythm in modern tanka was the forerunner of free verse. It began in Kyoto in 1918 (Taisho 7) with a group including Takakusa Kibofu and Tanigawa Tetsuzo, who called for "liberation from standard forms" and published the magazine "Rodai." In the early Showa period, many standard form poets switched to free verse. To give examples of poems by two representative writers who advocated free verse tanka, "Nature passes through my body -- Mountains, mountains, mountains Maeda Yugure" expresses the comfortable tempo well through the rhythm of free verse, and "It was the day constitutional scholars were slandered in the streets. A fascist trend is brewing even behind these narrow walls Ishihara Jun" is a notable example of a prose style even among free verse tanka, and the two-part structure shows an awareness of tanka-like qualities.

[Yoshikazu Nakano]

Haiku

In contrast to the 5-7-5 fixed rhythm, this refers to haiku that freely expresses the rhythm of emotions. A new trend in haiku that emerged at the end of the Meiji period progressed rapidly and was established as free verse around the middle of the Taisho period. "The sun rises, the waves rise far, far away" (Ogiwara Seisensui, 1920) is only one syllable longer, but the emotional rhythm is impressive. "When I am sick, I remember the blue of the winter sea outside my futon" (Nakatsuka Ippekirou, 1946) is long but has a clear image. "The peaks of the clouds and the beginning of the rice ears" (Kawahigashi Hekigoto, 1916) is 12 syllables and has a sensual landscape. "No matter how far I go, the mountains are blue" (Taneda Santoka, 1926) is full of colloquial language and does not even consider seasonal themes in order to make the most of the content.

[Motomi Izawa]

"New Tanka History" by Yoshikazu Nakano (1967, Shosensha) " "History of Free-style Haiku Works" edited by Miyako Ueda and Ryutaro Nagai (1979, Nagata Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

短歌・俳句などで、五・七・五・七・七(短歌)、五・七・五(俳句)の定型律に対して、自由な音律によるもの。

[中野嘉一]

短歌

伝統的な形式に拘束されずに自由な音律で、現代の生活感情なり、詩的感動を表現しようとするところにこの名称がおこった。非定型短歌ともいわれる。字余りとか破調が近代の短歌のなかで行われるようになったのが自由律の先駆をなしている。1918年(大正7)京都で「定型からの解放」を叫び、『露台』を発行した高草木暮風(たかくさきぼふう)、谷川徹三らの集団に始まるが、昭和初期、定型歌人のなかから自由律へ転向する者が続出した。自由律短歌を唱導した2人の代表作家の例歌をあげると、「自然がずんずん体のなかを通過する―山、山、山 前田夕暮」は快適なテンポが自由律のリズムによってよく表現されており、また「憲法学者が巷(ちまた)にそしられる日であった。ファシズム風潮がこの狭い壁裏にも醸生する 石原純」は、自由律短歌のなかでも散文化の著しい例であり、二段構成をとった表現に短歌性を意識したところがあった。

[中野嘉一]

俳句

五・七・五定型律に対して、感情の律動を自由に表現する俳句をさす。明治末におこった新傾向俳句が急進して大正なかばごろ自由律として確立する。「日のましたはるかにはるかに浪(なみ)立てり 荻原井泉水(おぎわらせいせんすい)」(1920)は、わずかに1音の字余りだが、感情のリズムが印象的。「病めば蒲団(ふとん)のそと冬海の青きを覚え 中塚一碧楼(いっぺきろう)」(1946)は、長いがイメージが鮮明。「雲の峰稲穂のはしり 河東碧梧桐(かわひがしへきごとう)」(1916)は、12音で景が感覚的。「分け入つても分け入つても青い山 種田山頭火(さんとうか)」(1926)は、口語がよく生き、内容を生かすためには季題をも顧みない。

[伊澤元美]

『中野嘉一著『新短歌の歴史』(1967・昭森社)』『上田都史・永井龍太郎編『自由律俳句作品史』(1979・永田書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Frequency -

>>:  Settlement Geography

Recommend

False vampire bat

A general term for aggressive, carnivorous mammals...

Saguntum

…It has a good harbor, and around 1960 the iron i...

Lemert, EM (English spelling)

…Similar analyses of the normative consciousness ...

Bauer, AF (English spelling) BauerAF

…This was the time when Napoleon was on the rise,...

A genius - Isaijin

…The term has been widely used since Swiss histor...

DNA polymerase - DNA polymerase

EC 2.7.7.7. An enzyme that uses a base sequence i...

Okura Museum of Art

Located in Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, this is Ja...

Photosensitive emulsion

A emulsion-like agent in which particles such as s...

Sac spider (English spelling)

A general term for spiders belonging to the genus ...

Stated capital

…Therefore, the amount of capital of a private co...

Zhou-bi Suan-jing (English: Zhou-bi Suan-jing)

A Chinese book on astronomy and mathematics. Autho...

shāhid (English spelling) shahid

…The vast amount of notarial documents remaining ...

The Bartered Bride

…From 1856 to 1861, he served as the conductor of...

A sense of having already experienced something

…It is a mental experience in which, faced with a...

Poster - poster (English spelling)

A piece of paper posted for the purpose of public...