Barium titanate

Japanese: チタン酸バリウム - ちたんさんばりうむ(英語表記)barium titanate
Barium titanate

A barium salt of titanic acid (titanium(IV) oxide hydrate, TiO 2 · n H 2 O, as it is commonly called). It is also called barium titanate(IV). Two isomers are known.

(1) Barium orthotitanate: Chemical formula Ba2TiO4 , formula weight 386.62. A dark red powder obtained by mixing barium carbonate and titanium(IV) oxide in a molar ratio of 2:1 and heating to approximately 1270°C. It is an ionic crystal consisting of a tetrahedral titanate ion and barium ion.

(2) Barium metatitanate: Chemical formula BaTiO 3 , formula weight 233.26. Its official name is barium titanium trioxide. It is a colorless crystal obtained by high-temperature solid-state reaction with different mixture ratios or by thermal decomposition of barium titanyl oxalate tetrahydrate (barium oxide titanium(IV) oxalate tetrahydrate) Ba(TiO)(C 2 O 4 ) 2・4H 2 O, and is what is usually meant by barium titanate. It undergoes the following phase transition from low to high temperatures.


At room temperature, it is in the tetragonal phase, and at 120°C, it is in the cubic phase, and these have a perovskite structure, but the tetragonal phase is ferroelectric. Each crystal system has a face-sharing structure of TiO6 regular octahedrons, and there are no titanate ions, making it a double oxide. It has a large dielectric constant and piezoelectric properties, and is used in ceramic capacitors and piezoelectric elements.

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

[Reference item] | Ceramic capacitor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

チタン酸(酸化チタン(Ⅳ)水和物TiO2nH2Oを一般にこのようによぶ)のバリウム塩。チタン(Ⅳ)酸バリウムともいう。二つの異性体が知られている。

(1)オルトチタン酸バリウム 化学式Ba2TiO4、式量386.62。炭酸バリウムと酸化チタン(Ⅳ)をモル比2対1で混ぜ、約1270℃に加熱して得られる暗赤色粉末。正四面体形のチタン酸イオンとバリウムイオンからなるイオン結晶である。

(2)メタチタン酸バリウム 化学式BaTiO3、式量233.26。正式名称は三酸化バリウムチタン。混合比を変えた高温固相反応あるいはシュウ酸バリウムチタニル四水和物(シュウ酸バリウムオキシドチタン(Ⅳ)四水和物)Ba(TiO)(C2O4)2・4H2Oの熱分解で得られる無色結晶で、普通、チタン酸バリウムといえばこれをさす。低温から高温にかけて下記のように相転移する。


 室温付近では正方晶系、120℃で立方晶系となり、それらは灰チタン石(ペロブスカイト)型構造をとるが、正方晶系相が強誘電体となる。各晶系ともTiO6正八面体の面共有構造をとり、チタン酸イオンは存在せず、複酸化物となる。誘電率が大きく圧電性があり、磁器コンデンサー、圧電素子などに用いられる。

[岩本振武]

[参照項目] | セラミックコンデンサー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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