A machine that cuts wood efficiently by rotating a chain-shaped saw (saw chain) at high speed with a prime mover. It is also called a power saw, and is divided into the following types. (1) Gasoline chainsaw A lightweight, small, dedicated air-cooled, single-cylinder, two-stroke gasoline engine made of aluminum-magnesium alloy with a displacement of 20 to 110 cc and 2 to 7 horsepower that rotates a chain-shaped saw at high speed and is used all over the world for felling trees in forests (felling) and making logs (limbing and bucking). (2) Electric chainsaw There are single-phase and three-phase electric motors and one-person, two-person, and stationary models. They are widely used in a wide range of applications, from general households and woodworking to sawmills and various other wood factories. (3) Hydraulic chainsaw Driven by a hydraulic motor, it is attached to tree fellers, feller bunchers, and other logging vehicles and bucking devices and is used for cutting wood. (4) Pneumatic chainsaws: These are powered by an air motor and are highly water resistant, making them effective for cutting wood in underwater lumber yards, etc. At one time, vibration disorders (white wax disease) that occurred in the fingers of chainsaw users became a social issue, but in 1977 (Showa 52), chainsaw standards were established in Japan under the Industrial Safety and Health Act, and in 1978 the ILO (International Labor Organization) issued recommendations regarding the safe design and use of chainsaws. In addition to wearing anti-vibration gloves, soundproof mufflers, safety helmets, and protective clothing, it is recommended that chainsaws equipped with anti-vibration mechanisms are used. [Sanpei Yamawaki] [Reference] |©Sanpei Yamawaki "> Structure of a gasoline chainsaw Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
チェーン形鋸歯(きょし)(ソーチェーン)を原動機で高速回転駆動して木材を高能率で切断する機械。動力鋸(のこ)ともよばれ、次のような種類に分けられる。(1)ガソリンチェーンソー 排気量20~110cc、2~7馬力程度のアルミニウム・マグネシウム合金製の軽量小形専用空冷単気筒二サイクル・ガソリンエンジンで、チェーン形鋸歯を高速回転させて、森林での木の切り倒し(伐倒)や丸太つくり(枝払いおよび玉切)に、世界中で使われている。(2)電動チェーンソー 装備する電動機の単相・三相の別、使用型式の1人用・2人用・定置式の別があり、一般家庭用・木工用から、製材工場ほか各種木材工場に至るまで広く使われている。(3)油圧チェーンソー 油圧モーターで駆動するもので、ツリーフェラー、フェラーバンチャーなどの伐採車両や玉切り装置に付属して、木材切断用に使われる。(4)空気チェーンソー 空気モーターで駆動するもので、耐水性に優れ、水中貯木場内などでの木材の切断に効力を発揮する。 一時、チェーンソー使用者の手指に発生する振動障害(白蝋(はくろう)病)が社会問題化したが、1977年(昭和52)日本では労働安全衛生法でチェーンソー規格が制定され、1978年ILO(国際労働機関)からチェーンソーの安全設計と使用について勧告が出された。防振手袋、防音マフラー、安全ヘルメット、保護衣などを装着のうえ、防振機構完備のチェーンソーの使用が望まれる。 [山脇三平] [参照項目] |©山脇三平"> ガソリンチェーンソーの構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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