Transfer agent - Tenunshi (English spelling: zhuan-yun-shi; chuan-yün-shih)

Japanese: 転運使 - てんうんし（英語表記）zhuan-yun-shi; chuan-yün-shih

One of the titles of the envoys in the Tang and Song dynasties whose main task was to transport rice, the main product of central and southern China, to northern China. The first was the Jianghuai Zhuanyunshi, appointed around Kaiyuan 22 (734) under Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Its powers declined temporarily during the Five Dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty, but as centralization was strengthened during the Song Dynasty, it came to wield immense power, not only over shipping but also overseeing bureaucratic supervision, prisons, and regular affairs as the head of the highest administrative district in the region. However, its powers were later reduced when the Ditian Jail Official and the Dijyo Regular Affairs Officer (→Dijyo Regular Affairs Officer) were separated and became independent.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，華中，華南の主産物である米穀を，華北へ運搬することを主任務とする唐，宋時代の使官名の一つ。唐の玄宗の開元 22 (734) 年頃おかれた江淮転運使が最初。唐末，五代には一時衰えたが，宋代に中央集権が強化されると，地方最高行政区である路の長官として漕運だけでなく，官僚の監察，刑獄，常平のことも司り，絶大な権力をもつようになった。しかしのちになって提点刑獄公事，提挙常平使 (→提挙常平茶塩司 ) が分離独立するようになって，権限は縮小された。

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