Also called "Islamic fundamentalism." An ideology and movement that aims for a society rooted in Islam, rather than Western-style modernization and social and political systems. After World War II, socialism and Arab nationalism were predominant in the Middle East and Islamic regions. However, these ideologies lost momentum in the face of the social and economic structures caused by colonialism, the economic stagnation caused by the war against Israel, and the widening gap between rich and poor. In order to break through this situation, a movement arose to solve the problems of modern society based on Islamic traditions. There are organizations that aim for popular social movements and legitimate political participation, and organizations that are not afraid to engage in terrorism and illegal activities. Examples of the former are the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and the Welfare Party in Turkey, and examples of the latter are the "Islamic Group" in Egypt and the "Armed Islamic Group" in Algeria. → Related articles Ummah | Sayyid Qutb | Pan-Islamism | Mawdudi Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
〈イスラム原理主義〉とも称される。西欧型の近代化や社会・政治システムではなく,イスラムに根ざした社会をめざす思想・運動。第2次大戦後,中東・イスラム地域では社会主義やアラブ民族主義が大勢を占めた。しかしこれらのイデオロギーが,植民地主義の弊害による社会・経済構造や対イスラエル戦争による経済の停滞,貧富の格差の拡大などの前に失速すると,こうした状況を打破するために,イスラムの伝統にもとづいて現代社会の問題を解決しようという動きが興った。大衆的な社会運動や正当な政治参加を志向する組織と,テロや非合法活動も辞さない組織がある。前者の例がエジプトのムスリム同胞団やトルコの福祉党,後者がエジプトの〈イスラム集団〉やアルジェリアの〈武装イスラム集団〉など。 →関連項目ウンマ|サイイド・クトゥブ|パン・イスラム主義|マウドゥーディー 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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