Thiazole - thiazole (English spelling)

Japanese: チアゾール - ちあぞーる(英語表記)thiazole
Thiazole - thiazole (English spelling)

It is a five-membered heterocyclic compound. As can be seen from the chemical formula, it has both sulfur and nitrogen atoms in the ring, so it was named by adding the prefix thia-, which means sulfur in the ring, to the name of the five-membered ring compound azole that contains nitrogen. Heteroaromatic compounds with S and N in the five-membered ring have two isomers: one in which S and N are adjacent to each other, and one in which S and N are separated by a single C. The former is called isothiazole (1,2-thiazole) and the latter is called thiazole (1,3-thiazole).

Thiazoles are synthesized by the reaction of chloroacetaldehyde ClCH2CHO with thioformamide HCSNH2 . They are colorless liquids that are heavier than water, are highly soluble in water, and are miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and ether in any ratio. They are stable aromatic compounds. Sulfathiazole, thiazole azo dyes, and vitamin B1 , all of which are known as sulfa drugs, have a thiazole ring. Compounds with an isothiazole skeleton also have physiological activity and are used as medicines.

[Masahiro Hirota]

[References] | Heterocyclic compounds [Supplementary information] | Thiazoles (Data notes)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

5員環複素環式化合物の一つ。化学式からわかるように環内に硫黄(いおう)と窒素の両原子をもつので、環内にある硫黄を意味する接頭語のチアthia-を窒素を含む5員環化合物の名称アゾールazoleの前につけて命名された。5員環にSとNをもつ複素芳香族化合物には、SとNが隣接している化合物と、一つのCを隔ててSとNがある化合物の2種類の異性体があり、前者をイソチアゾール(1,2-チアゾール)、後者をチアゾール(1,3-チアゾール)という。

 チアゾールはクロロアセトアルデヒドClCH2CHOと、チオホルムアミドHCSNH2との反応により合成される。無色の水より重い液体で、水にかなり溶け、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルなどの有機溶媒と任意の割合で混じり合う。芳香族性をもつ安定な化合物である。サルファ剤として知られているサルファチアゾール、チアゾールアゾ染料、ビタミンB1などはいずれもチアゾール環をもっている。イソチアゾール骨格をもつ化合物も、生理活性をもち医薬などとして使われている。

[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | 複素環式化合物[補完資料] | チアゾール(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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