It is a method of solving classical geometry problems by describing figures with mathematical formulas using a coordinate system and using algebraic calculations. This is the name of the method used, and does not represent the content of the geometry, such as Euclidean geometry, Riemannian geometry, or topology. Also, since the method used is mainly linear algebra, it is more appropriate to call it "algebraic methods in classical geometry." Analytical geometry was started by R. Descartes in the first half of the 17th century, and the subject of study was Euclidean geometry in plane or space, but today it is widely considered to be the subject of classical geometry in general. However, when people normally say analytical geometry, they often mean "algebraic methods in Euclidean geometry." For example, in the case of two dimensions, in Cartesian coordinates, a straight line is expressed by a linear equation, and a quadratic curve (circle, ellipse, hyperbola, parabola) is expressed by a quadratic equation. When (x, y) are Cartesian coordinates, the equation of a straight line that passes through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is In general, for the set of all n real numbers (x1, x2, …, xn), the distance between two points (x1, x2, …, xn) and (y1, y2, …, yn) is [Koichi Ogiue] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
座標系を用いて図形を数式で記述し、代数的計算によって古典幾何学の問題を処理する手法をいう。これは用いられる手法に対する名称であって、ユークリッド幾何学、リーマン幾何学、位相幾何学などのように幾何学の内容を表すものではなく、またそこで用いられる手法は主として線形代数学であるから「古典幾何学における代数的手法」というほうが適切である。解析幾何学は17世紀前半にR・デカルトによって始められ、平面または空間のユークリッド幾何学が考察の対象であったが、今日では広く古典幾何学一般が取扱いの対象とされる。しかし、普通に解析幾何学というときには、「ユークリッド幾何学における代数的手法」を意味することが多い。たとえば、二次元の場合には直交座標に関しては直線は一次方程式で表され、二次曲線(円、楕円(だえん)、双曲線、放物線)は二次方程式で表される。(x,y)を直交座標とするとき、2点(x1,y1)、(x2,y2)を通る直線の方程式は 一般にn個の実数の組(x1,x2,……,xn)全体の集合に対して2点(x1,x2,……,xn)、(y1,y2,……,yn)の間の距離を [荻上紘一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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