Haruo Kamio - Haruhide Kamio

A shogunate official and financial magistrate in the mid-Edo period. Commonly known as Gorozaburo and Wakasa no Kami, he was the second son of Shimoshima Tamemasa. He was adopted by Kamio Harumasa and succeeded his foster father in 1701 (Genroku 14) (200 straw bales). After that, he mainly worked in the private sector in the inner ward, and was promoted to the position of financial magistrate in 1736 (Genbun 1). The following year, he became the financial magistrate of the private sector, and promoted the increase in tax collection under the private sector councilor Matsudaira Norisato. In 1744 (Enkyo 1), he personally visited Kinai and Chugoku region and introduced new laws such as the Arigekemi Law and the Takata Cotton Private Work Law, and greatly increased the tax collection, but this caused a backlash from the people, such as when farmers in the Shogunate around Osaka filed a lawsuit with the Toshogata in April of the following year. Later, Honda Toshiaki also harshly criticized him, saying, "Kamio said that the more you squeeze sesame oil, the more the peasants will produce. There is no need to say that they were disloyal or unfaithful. They should be called criminals that are widespread throughout Japan" (Seiiki Monogatari). In 1746, the year after Matsudaira Norimura's downfall, his authority over private work was reduced, but he still held the position of Finance Magistrate and continued to order the increase in tax collection. He died in 1753 (the 3rd year of the Horeki era), but during this time his stipend had been increased to 1,500 koku.

[Masamichi Taniyama]

"Mori Sugio, 'Early Modern Tax Laws and Peasant Life' (1993, Kashiwa Shobo)" ▽ "Taniyama Masamichi, 'The Development of Early Modern Popular Movements' (1994, Takashina Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の幕臣、勘定奉行。通称五郎三郎、若狭守(わかさのかみ)。下嶋為政(しもしまためまさ)の次男。神尾春政(はるまさ)の養子となり、1701年（元禄14）に養父の跡を継ぐ（200俵）。以後、主に奥向の勝手御用を務め、1736年（元文元）に勘定吟味役に昇進した。その翌年には勝手方の勘定奉行となり、勝手掛老中松平乗邑(のりさと)の下で年貢増徴を推進した。1744年（延享元）には、自ら畿内(きない)、中国筋へ赴き、有毛検見(ありげけみ)法、田方木綿(たかたきわた)勝手作仕法など新仕法を導入して年貢の大増徴を行ったが、翌年4月の大坂周辺幕領農民の堂上方(とうしょうがた)への出訴など、民衆の反発を招いた。後年、本多利明(としあき)も、「神尾氏が曰、胡麻(ごま)の油と百姓は絞れば絞るほど出るものなりといへり、不忠不貞いふべき様なし、日本に漫(あまね)る程の罪人ともいふべし」（『西域物語(せいいきものがたり)』）と、痛烈に批難している。松平乗邑失脚の翌年、1746年に勝手方にかかわる権限を縮小されたが、なお勘定奉行の地位にあり、年貢増徴を指令し続けた。1753年（宝暦3）に没したが、この間1500石にまで加増されていた。

［谷山正道］

『森杉夫著『近世徴租法と農民生活』（1993・柏書房）』▽『谷山正道著『近世民衆運動の展開』（1994・高科書店）』

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