It is a mammalian animal of the order Artiodactyla, family Cervidae. It is also called the fallow deer. It is a medium-sized deer of the subgenus Fallow deer, with a body length of 130-140 cm, shoulder height of 80-90 cm, and weight of 30-85 kg. It has a sturdy build. Its antlers are different from other deer in that the third branch spreads out like a palm. Its summer coat is reddish brown with small white spots, but in winter it becomes gray brown and the white spots disappear. It is highly adaptable to the environment, and has been introduced to America, southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and other places in addition to its native Europe and Asia Minor, where it has proliferated. As a result of artificial breeding, some are white or black. It is one of the most common animals seen in European parks. It goes into heat in October, and after a 7-8 month pregnancy period, it usually gives birth to one baby in early summer, but sometimes two or three. Its lifespan is about 15 years. In addition to the fallow deer, which is widely distributed in Europe, the subgenus C. mesopotamica also includes the Iranian fallow deer C. mesopotamica. It is larger than the fallow deer, reaching 105 cm at the shoulder and weighing up to 200 kg. Its antlers are slightly flattened, but are not palmately shaped like the fallow deer's, and are branched. It once ranged from Syria, Palestine, Iraq, and northern Ethiopia, but now only a small number of them live in a limited area in southern Iran. [Mitsuko Masui] © Hidehiko Tamagawa "> Major species of deer (1) [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目シカ科の動物。ファロージカともいう。同科ダマジカ亜属の中形のシカで、体長130~140センチメートル、肩高80~90センチメートル、体重30~85キログラム。体つきはがっしりしている。角(つの)がほかのシカと異なり、第3枝が手のひら状に広がっている。夏毛は赤褐色に小白斑(はくはん)を有するが、冬毛では灰褐色となり、白斑は消える。環境適応力に富み、原産地のヨーロッパや小アジアのほか、アメリカ、アフリカ南部、オーストラリア、ニュージーランドなどに移入され、各地で増殖している。人為的な繁殖の結果、白色や黒色のものもある。ヨーロッパの公園では、もっとも普通にみられる動物の一つである。発情期は10月、7~8か月の妊娠期間を経て、初夏に普通1子、ときに2、3子を産む。寿命は15年ほどである。 ダマジカ亜属にはヨーロッパに広く産するダマジカのほかに、イランダマジカC. mesopotamicaがある。ダマジカより体格は大きく、肩高105センチメートルになり、体重200キログラムに達する。角はやや平たいが、ダマジカのように手のひら状にならず、枝分れしている。かつてはシリア、パレスチナ、イラク、エチオピア北部にまで分布したが、現在はイラン南部の限られた地域に少数が生息しているだけである。 [増井光子] ©玉川秀彦"> シカのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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