Plate tower

A tower with many trays at regular intervals inside, which improves contact between liquid and gas or liquid and liquid, and transfers material between different phases in a stepped manner. It is widely used for distillation, gas absorption, and liquid-liquid extraction. Gas, steam, or light liquid enters the tower from the bottom and rises while repeatedly coming into contact with the liquid on each tray, while liquid flows down through the tower from above through a downcomer or gap. The most commonly used are bubble cap towers and perforated plate towers (also called perforated plate towers), but various new shapes of trays have also been devised. In a tray tower, liquid always accumulates on the trays, so there is sufficient contact between liquid and gas and liquid and liquid, making it efficient and stable to operate. However, it has the disadvantages of being more expensive than a packed tower and having a large pressure loss.

[Otake Denyu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

内部に一定間隔を置いて多数の棚段を設けた塔で、液‐ガス間または液‐液間の接触をよくし、異相間の物質移動を階段的に行う装置で、単に段塔ともいう。蒸留、ガス吸収あるいは液‐液抽出操作に広く用いられる。ガス、蒸気あるいは軽い液は塔の下方から入り、各棚段上の液と接触を繰り返しながら上昇し、液は上方より下降管あるいは間隙(かんげき)を通って塔内を流下する。もっとも普通に使われるのは、泡鐘塔(ほうしょうとう)や多孔板塔（目皿(めざら)塔ともいう）であるが、新しい形状の棚段もいろいろ考案されている。棚段塔はつねに液が棚段上にたまっており、液‐ガス、液‐液の接触が十分で効率がよく、操作も安定である。ただ充填塔(じゅうてんとう)に比べて高価であることと、圧損失が大きい欠点がある。

［大竹伝雄］

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