A mountain in the southeastern part of Toyama Prefecture, in the northern part of the Northern Alps. The main peak of Mt. Tateyama consists of Mt. Oyama (3,003 meters), Mt. Onanjiyama (3,015 meters), and Mt. Fujinooritate, and Mt. Oyama, where the main shrine of Oyama Shrine is located, is the center of Mt. Tateyama. The Tateyama mountain range includes the mountains from Mt. Tsurugidake and Mt. Kekachi in the north to Mt. Yakushi in the south, and the "Tachiyama" that Otomo no Yakamochi wrote in his "Manyoshu" refers to the Tateyama mountain range. Mt. Oyama, Mt. Bessan, and Mt. Jodo are also called the Tateyama Sanzan, and the wide area including the lava plateau directly below Mt. Tateyama is sometimes called Tateyama. Mount Oyama, Mount Onamichi, and Mount Jodo are composed of ancient granodiorite and, in part, older Hida metamorphic rocks. Directly below and to the northwest of Mount Oyama lies Yamasaki Cirque (Yamasaki Cirque), a nationally designated natural monument, and directly below the eastern slope is the Omaedani Cirque. Other cirque formations can be seen in Masagozawa and Kuranosuke Valley. The vast lower lava plateau, Midagahara, was formed during the second active period of the Old Dateyama volcano, located southwest of Mount Jodo, and Tengudaira and Murododaira are lava plateaus formed during the third active period when Mount Tengu, Mount Kunimi, and Mount Murodo were formed on the caldera walls. Goshikigahara is also a lava plateau caused by the Old Dateyama volcano. Jigokudani and Mikurigaike Pond are explosion craters caused by subsequent after-effects. According to legend, Mt. Tateyama was founded by Saeki Ariyori in the Nara period. Since the Heian period, it has been a training ground for ascetic monks of Shingon and Tendai sects, and the people of Ashikura-dera and Iwakura-dera temples at the foot of the mountain allied with the Ecchu Shugo from the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period, making them a powerful group of Tateyama monks. During the Edo period, the priests of the 33 temples and 5 shrine priests of Ashikura-dera encouraged people from all over the country to climb the mountain, and at its peak, the number of climbers reached as many as 6,000 people a year. Along with Mt. Fuji and Mt. Hakusan, Mt. Tateyama was revered as one of the three most famous mountains in Japan. Climbing for faith declined with the abolition of Buddhism and the rejection of Buddhism in the Meiji period, but relics of that time remain in various parts of Mt. Tateyama. With the completion of the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route in 1971, Mt. Tateyama suddenly became a tourist destination. However, the number of climbers has decreased, and there are concerns about environmental destruction. Mt. Tateyama is home to the special natural monuments of the rock ptarmigan and Japanese serow, and many alpine plants have the name "Tateyama" in their names, such as the Tateyama kinbai and the Tateyama tsubogusa. [Saburo Fukai] "The History and Culture of Tateyama Faith" by Shigeo Takase (1981, Meishu Publishing) " "Walking the Tateyama Trail: Continued - Murododaira, Oyama, Kurobedaira" edited by the Toyama Prefecture Naturalist Association (2002, Kitanippon Shimbun) [References] | | | | |Looking eastward from Mt. Kureha on the west side of the city. Located almost in the center of the Toyama Plain, the city spreads out on both sides of the Jinzu River. The mountains of the Tateyama mountain range rise in the background. The tall mountain on the left in the center of the photo is Mt. Tsurugi (2,998m above sea level), and to the right are Mt. Dainichi, Mt. Tateyama, Mt. Jodo, and others. Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture © Toyama Tourism Federation, a public interest incorporated association "> Toyama city and the Tateyama mountain range A crater lake formed by the eruptive activity of the Old Tateyama volcano. It is about 15m deep and 630m in circumference. "Mikuri" means "God's kitchen," and is said to be a name linked to the mountain worship of Mt. Tateyama. From Mt. Oyama in the center of the back of the photo, to the left are Mt. Oonami and Mt. Fujinooritate, and the three peaks that make up Mt. Tateyama are on the right of the photo. Mt. Jodo is included in Chubu Sangaku National Park. Tateyama Town, Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture © Toyama Tourism Federation, Public Interest Incorporated Association "> Mikuriga Pond Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
富山県南東部、北アルプス北部の山。立山本峰は雄山(おやま)(3003メートル)、大汝山(おおなんじやま)(3015メートル)、富士ノ折立(ふじのおりたて)からなり、雄山神社本社のある雄山が立山の中心となっている。立山連峰は立山を中心に北は剱(つるぎ)岳・毛勝(けかち)山から南は薬師岳までの山々をいい、大伴家持(おおとものやかもち)が『万葉集』に詠んだ「たちやま」は立山連峰をさしている。また雄山、別山(べっさん)、浄土山を立山三山とよび、立山直下の溶岩台地をも含めた広範囲な地域を立山とよぶこともある。 雄山、大汝山、浄土山は古期花崗閃緑(かこうせんりょく)岩と、一部はより古い飛騨変成岩で構成されている。雄山の北西直下には国指定天然記念物の山崎圏谷(やまさきけんこく)(山崎カール)があり、東斜面直下に御前谷圏谷がある。このほか、真砂(まさご)沢、内蔵助(くらのすけ)谷などにもカール地形がみられる。広大な下部溶岩台地の弥陀ヶ原(みだがはら)は浄土山南西にあった古立山火山の第二活動期に形成されたもので、天狗平(てんぐだいら)や室堂平(むろどうだいら)はカルデラ壁に天狗山や国見岳、室堂山が形成された第三期の活動期に形成された溶岩台地である。五色ヶ原も古立山火山による溶岩台地である。地獄谷やミクリガ池はその後の余勢活動による爆裂火口である。 立山は伝承では奈良時代の佐伯有頼によって開山されたという。平安時代から真言(しんごん)、天台などの修験(しゅげん)者の道場となり、山麓(さんろく)の芦峅(あしくら)寺、岩峅(いわくら)寺の人々は南北朝から室町時代にかけては越中(えっちゅう)守護と結ぶなど、立山衆徒としてあなどれない勢力をもった。江戸時代には芦峅寺一山33坊5社人の御師(おし)によって全国に登拝を勧進し、登山者の多いときは年6000人にも達したといい、富士山、白山(はくさん)とともに日本三名山の一つとしてあがめられた。明治の廃仏棄釈(きしゃく)で信仰登山は衰えたが、立山の各地に当時の信仰遺物が残っている。1971年(昭和46)立山黒部アルペンルートの完成で、立山は観光の山に急変した。反面、登山者は少なくなり、また自然破壊が懸念されている。立山には特別天然記念物のライチョウ、カモシカが生息し、高山植物にはタテヤマキンバイ、タテヤマウツボグサなど「立山」の名のついたものも多い。 [深井三郎] 『高瀬重雄著『立山信仰の歴史と文化』(1981・名著出版)』▽『富山県ナチュラリスト協会編『立山道を歩く 続――室堂平・雄山・黒部平』(2002・北日本新聞社)』 [参照項目] | | | | |市内西側の呉羽山から東方を望む。富山平野のほぼ中央に位置し、神通川の両岸に市街地が広がる。後方には立山連峰の山々がそびえる。写真中央左よりの高い山が剱岳(標高2998m)、右へ大日岳、立山、浄土山などが連なる。富山県富山市©公益社団法人富山県観光連盟"> 富山市街と立山連峰 古立山火山の噴火活動によってできた火口湖。水深約15m、周囲約630m。「ミクリ(御厨)」は「神の厨房」を意味し、立山の山岳信仰に結び付いた名だといわれる。写真後方中央の雄山から、左へ大汝山、富士ノ折立が続き、3峰が立山を構成する。写真右は浄土山。中部山岳国立公園に含まれる。富山県中新川郡立山町©公益社団法人富山県観光連盟"> ミクリガ池 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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