Buildings

Japanese: 建物 - たてもの
Buildings

A building is a fixture on land, but while under the laws of Western countries it is considered to be an integral part of the land, under the Japanese Civil Code it is considered to be real property separate from the land. The number of buildings is not determined by the land registry, but by social convention, unlike land. Generally, physical continuity is the standard, and buildings are counted as one or two buildings. However, Article 1 of the Building Condominium Act recognizes that when a building has several structurally divided parts that can be used independently as residences, stores, offices, warehouses, or other buildings, each part can be the object of independent ownership (called condominium ownership). A building is originally a structure made up of multiple movable objects that are fixed to the land, so the question is at what stage in the construction process does the building become real property independent of the land. In this regard, a court decision (Supreme Court decision of October 1, 1935) which has ruled that even if a building is under construction, it is sufficient if it already has a roof and surrounding walls and exists as a structure fixed to the land, and that it does not need to have floors and ceilings, etc., is helpful.

[Toshio Takeuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

建物は土地の定着物であるが、欧米諸国の法の下では、土地と一体をなすものとされているのに対し、わが国の民法の下では、土地とは別個の不動産とされている。その個数は、土地とは異なり登記簿によって定まるのではなく、社会通念によって定められる。一般的には、物理的な連続性が基準とされて、一棟、二棟という数え方をする。もっとも、「建物の区分所有等に関する法律」第1条は、一棟の建物に構造上区分された数個の部分で独立して住居、店舗、事務所または倉庫その他建物としての用途に供することができるものがあるときは、その各部分をそれぞれ独立の所有権(区分所有権という)の客体となることを認めている。建物は元来、動産である複数の物が一定の構造物を形成して土地に定着しているものであるから、その建築過程のどの段階から土地とは独立の不動産たる建物となるかが問題となる。この点については、工事中の建物であっても、すでに屋根および囲壁を有し、土地に定着した1個の建造物として存在するに至れば足り、床および天井などはこれを備えていなくてもよいとした判例(大審院判決昭和10年10月1日)が参考となる。

[竹内俊雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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