Ehime Prefecture - Ehime

Japanese: 愛媛[県] - えひめ

A prefecture that occupies the northwestern part of Shikoku and islands scattered in the Seto Inland Sea and Bungo Channel. The prefectural capital is Matsuyama City. Area: 5,676.11 ^km2 . Population: 1,431,493 (2010). [History] Formerly Iyo Province, it was divided into eight feudal domains and the Tenryo domain during the Edo period, but in 1871 the eight feudal domains became a prefecture, and then the Tenryo domain and four prefectures in the east were integrated into Matsuyama Prefecture, and the four prefectures in the south were integrated into Uwajima Prefecture, and in 1873 the two prefectures were combined to become Ehime Prefecture. [Nature] The Median Tectonic Line runs north of the Shikoku Mountains and the Ishizuchi Mountains, dividing Ehime into the Inner Zone (northern side) and the Outer Zone (southern side). The geographical area is roughly divided into three regions: Toyo (Dozen), Chuyo (Dogo), and Nanyo (Uwa). In Toyo, with the Ishizuchi mountain range as its backdrop, the alluvial plains of the Kokuryo, Nakayama, and Sosha rivers have developed, and along the coast of the Hiuchi Nada Sea there are sand dunes, tidal flats, and ancient reclaimed land. In Chuyo, which lies west of the Takanawa Peninsula that separates the Hiuchi Nada Sea from the Iyo Nada Sea, it includes the Hiji and Shigenobu river basins and has two plains, Kazahaya and Matsuyama (Dogo). Most of Nanyo is mountainous land in the upper reaches of the Hiji and Shimanto rivers. The coast of the Uwa Sea is a ria coast. Toyo and Chuyo have a relatively warm Seto Inland Sea climate with little rain, while the coastal areas of Nanyo have a Pacific coast climate with a lot of rain. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 9.4% primary, 25.7% secondary, and 63.7% tertiary (2005). Agricultural production is characterized by fruit trees, with the area being the top producer of citrus fruits in the country, including mandarin oranges and iyokan, as well as loquats, kiwifruit, and chestnuts. In the mountainous areas, tobacco, dairy farming, and livestock farming are also practiced. The fishing industry is centered on aquaculture, with pearls being the largest in Japan, as well as yellowtail, sea bream, and seaweed farming. Japan's leading Besshi copper mine closed in 1973. Industry was particularly developed in the Toyo region, with heavy chemical industries in Niihama, paper in Iyomishima and Kawanoe, towels and shipbuilding in Imabari, and chemical fiber industries in Matsumae and Matsuyama in Chuyo. Indigenous Iyo kasuri textiles, Kikuma tiles, and Tobe ware are also famous. An underground storage facility for the Japan National Oil Corporation (now the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) was built in Kikuma-cho (now Imabari City). In terms of tourism, there is the Setonaikai National Park, Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park, Ishizuchi Quasi-National Park, and Dogo Onsen, and in recent years tourism development has also progressed in southern Yodo. [Transportation] The main routes are the Yosan Line that runs along the coast, the Matsuyama Expressway, and national highways 11 and 56. In 1999, the Onomichi-Imabari route (Shimanami Kaido), which connects the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge, was fully opened. Inland, the Uchiko Line, Yodo Line, and Iyotetsu Railway run through the area around Matsuyama City. There are regular ferry services to the Chugoku region and Kyushu from Mitsuhama (Matsuyama City), Imabari, Yawatahama, and other locations, and Matsuyama Airport is located in Matsuyama City.
→ Related topics Shikoku region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

四国地方北西部と，瀬戸内海，豊後(ぶんご)水道に点在する諸島を占める県。県庁所在地は松山市。5676.11km²。143万1493人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての伊予国に当たり，江戸時代８藩と天領に分割されていたが，1871年８藩がそのまま県となり，次いで東の天領と４県が松山県，南の４県が宇和島県に統合され，1873年両県が合して愛媛県となった。〔自然〕　中央構造線が四国山地，石鎚山脈の北を通り，内帯（北側）と外帯（南側）に分けられる。地理区は東予（道前），中予（道後），南予（宇和）の３地域に大別される。東予は石鎚連峰を背後に，国領川，中山川，蒼社(そうしゃ)川の沖積平野が発達，燧灘(ひうちなだ)沿岸には砂丘や干潟(ひがた)，古来の干拓地がみられる。中予は燧灘と伊予灘を分ける高縄半島以西で，肱(ひじ)川，重信川の流域を含み，風早，松山（道後）の２平野がある。南予は大部分が肱川と四万十(しまんと)川上流域の山地。宇和海沿岸はリアス海岸である。東予，中予は比較的温暖少雨の瀬戸内式気候で，南予の海岸部は太平洋岸式気候で多雨である。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次9.4％，第２次25.7％，第３次63.7％（2005）。農業生産の特色は果樹で，全国１位のミカン，イヨカンなど柑橘(かんきつ)類をはじめビワ，キウイフルーツ，クリの大産地をなし，山間地ではタバコ栽培や酪農，畜産も行われる。漁業は日本一の産量がある真珠，ブリ，タイやノリの養殖など栽培漁業が中心になっている。日本屈指の別子銅山は1973年閉山。工業は東予地方で特に発達，新居浜の重化学工業，伊予三島，川之江の製紙，今治(いまばり)のタオル，造船，松前(まさき)，中予の松山の化繊工業が重要である。在来の伊予絣(がすり)，菊間瓦，砥部(とべ)焼も有名。菊間町（現・今治市）には，石油公団（現，石油天然ガス・金属鉱物資源機構）の地下備蓄基地がつくられた。観光面では瀬戸内海国立公園・足摺宇和海国立公園，石鎚国定公園，道後温泉があり，近年は南予の観光開発も進む。〔交通〕　海岸沿いに通じる予讃線，松山自動車道と国道11号，56号線が幹線。1999年には本州四国連絡橋尾道・今治ルート（しまなみ海道）が全通した。内陸部は内子線，予土線，松山市付近に伊予鉄道が通じる。三津浜（松山市），今治，八幡浜などから中国地方，九州へ定期船便があり，松山市に松山空港がある。
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