Date clan

A samurai family from the Kamakura period to the end of the Edo period. They are said to be descendants of Chunagon Yamakage, with the surname Fujiwara. They first lived in Nakamura, Isa-sho, Hitachi Province (Chikusei City, Ibaraki Prefecture) and called themselves Isa or Nakamura, but during the reign of Tomomune, they were awarded Date County, Mutsu Province (Fukushima Prefecture) for their service in the Oshu expedition of Minamoto no Yoritomo, and moved there and took the name Date. During the Kenmu Restoration, Yukitomo became a member of the Oshu-shiki Hyojoshu (councillor of the Oshu-shiki), and by the time of Masamune (Daizendaibu) in the early 15th century, he had expanded his influence to include counties such as Shinobu, Katta, Igu, Watari, Shibata, Natori, Miyagi, and Okitama (Nagaisho) in Dewa Province, and allied with the Muromachi Shogunate to oppose the Kanto Kubo (Kubo). Tanemune was appointed as the Mutsu Shugo (military governor) and established the provincial law "Jinkaishu (collection of garbage)", and his son Harumune was also appointed as the Oshu Tandai (Tandai). During the reign of Harumune's grandson Masamune, the clan seized the various counties of Sendai and Aizu, but submitted to Toyotomi Hideyoshi and had them confiscated. During Harumune's reign, the clan moved its base from Date county to Yonezawa, and during Masamune's reign it moved to Iwadeyama in Tamatsukuri county (Osaki city, Miyagi prefecture), and then to Sendai, where it held a fief of 620,000 koku until the end of the Edo period. During the Boshin War, it became the leader of the Oshu-Uetsu Reppan Dōmei, and was reduced to 280,000 koku for defending the Aizu clan. The Uwajima Date clan (100,000 koku) was founded by Masamune's eldest illegitimate son, Hidemune.

[Seiji Kobayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉時代～江戸末期の武家。藤原姓、中納言(ちゅうなごん)山蔭(やまかげ)の子孫と伝える。初め常陸国(ひたちのくに)伊佐庄(いさのしょう)中村（茨城県筑西(ちくせい)市）に住し伊佐または中村を称したが、朝宗(ともむね)の世に源頼朝(みなもとのよりとも)の奥州征討従軍の功により陸奥国(むつのくに)伊達郡（福島県）を賜り、移住して伊達氏を称した。建武新政(けんむのしんせい)に際し行朝(ゆきとも)は奥州式評定衆(ひょうじょうしゅう)となり、15世紀初頭の政宗(まさむね)（大膳大夫(だいぜんだいぶ)）のころまでに信夫(しのぶ)、刈田(かった)、伊具(いぐ)、亘理(わたり)、柴田(しばた)、名取(なとり)、宮城および出羽国(でわのくに)置賜(おきたま)（長井庄）などの諸郡に勢力を伸ばし、室町幕府と結び関東公方(くぼう)に敵対した。稙宗(たねむね)は陸奥守護に任じて分国法(ぶんこくほう)「塵芥集(じんかいしゅう)」を制定し、その子晴宗も奥州探題となった。晴宗の孫政宗の世に仙道(せんどう)諸郡と会津を略取したが、豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)に服属し没収された。晴宗の世に本拠を伊達郡から米沢(よねざわ)に移し、政宗の世に玉造(たまつくり)郡岩出山(いわでやま)（宮城県大崎(おおさき)市）、さらに仙台に移り、62万石を領して幕末に至る。戊辰戦争(ぼしんせんそう)には奥羽越列藩同盟の主となり、会津藩を擁護したため28万石に減封された。宇和島伊達氏（10万石）は政宗の庶長子秀宗を祖とする。

［小林清治］

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