An industrial term. The reduction of nitrogen oxides using a catalyst, converting them to nitrogen and water and making them non-toxic. Nitrogen oxides (especially nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 ) generated by the high-temperature combustion of various fuels (natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and heavy oil) are air pollutants that cause photochemical smog, and removing them from the smoke from thermal power plants and factories and from automobile exhaust gases (denitrification) is an important issue. In large fixed facilities such as thermal power plants, ammonia is used as the reducing agent and oxides such as vanadium are used as the catalyst. Denitrification of exhaust gas from gasoline-powered automobiles is carried out by using hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas as the reducing agent and a catalyst containing precious metals (platinum, palladium). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
工業用語。窒素酸化物を触媒を用いて還元し,窒素と水に変えて無毒化すること。各種燃料 (天然ガス,ガソリン,軽油,重油) の高温での燃焼に伴い発生する窒素酸化物 (特に二酸化窒素 NO2 ) は,光化学スモッグの原因となる大気汚染物質であり,火力発電所や工場の排煙や自動車の排気ガスからこれを除去すること (脱硝) は重要な問題である。火力発電所などの大型固定設備では,アンモニアを還元剤とし,バナジウムなどの酸化物を触媒とする方法がとられる。ガソリン自動車の排気ガスの脱硝は,排気ガス中の炭化水素を還元剤として利用し,貴金属 (白金,パラジウム) を含む触媒を用いて行われている。
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