Begging for alms

Japanese: 托鉢 - たくはつ
Begging for alms

To beg for food with a bowl (especially an iron bowl). It is also called begging. The word "mendication" has been used since the Song Dynasty in China. In Pali and Sanskrit, it is called pindapata, and Indian ascetics obtained food by begging. The earliest Buddhist monks obtained food exclusively by begging, but later they also began to accept "invited meals" from Buddhist believers. Zudagyoja (ascetics who practice dhyana) deliberately refused invited meals and relied only on begging. Today, in Buddhist countries such as Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand, you can see monks in yellow robes begging early in the morning. In Japan, begging is particularly practiced in the Zen and Fuke sects, and is considered a form of training. Unsui (monks) travel around the country, begging for alms and devoting themselves to their training.

[Abejien]

[Reference] | Beggar
Thai begging
A monk in yellow robes begging for alms early in the morning. Bangkok, Thailand ©Shogakukan ">

Thai begging

Mendicant in Myanmar
A line of monks begging for alms at Mahagandayon Monastery, one of the largest monasteries in the country. Amarapura, Mandalay Region, Myanmar ©Shogakukan

Mendicant in Myanmar


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鉢(はつ)(とくに鉄鉢(てっぱつ))を持って食物を乞(こ)うこと。乞食(こつじき)ともいう。托鉢の語は中国宋(そう)代から用いられるようになった。パーリ語、サンスクリット語ではピンダパータpiapātaといい、インドの修行者は、托鉢によって食物を得た。最初期の仏教の比丘(びく)たちは、もっぱら托鉢によって食を得たが、のちに仏教信者からの「招待食(しょうたいじき)」も受けるようになった。頭陀行者(ずだぎょうじゃ)たちは、あえて招待食を拒否し、托鉢食のみによった。現在スリランカ(セイロン)、ミャンマー(ビルマ)、タイなどの仏教国で、早朝托鉢をする黄衣の僧たちの姿がみられる。日本では、禅宗や普化(ふけ)宗などでとくに托鉢が行われ、修行の一つともみなされている。雲水(うんすい)たちは、托鉢をしながら諸国を行脚(あんぎゃ)し修行に励む。

[阿部慈園]

[参照項目] | 乞食
タイの托鉢
早朝托鉢をする黄衣の僧。タイ バンコク©Shogakukan">

タイの托鉢

ミャンマーの托鉢
国内最大級の僧院、マハーガンダーヨン僧院の托鉢僧の列。ミャンマー アマラプーラ(マンダレー管区)©Shogakukan">

ミャンマーの托鉢


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