A worker in a factory or business on strike. Also called a scab (meaning disease or scab). When a labor union goes on strike, management will use various means to break up the union in order to ensure business activities. Strikebreakers are usually recruited or hired by (1) non-union workers such as temporary workers and subcontractors, (2) second-tier union members or managers, (3) workers who dropped out of the strike or those who have left the union, or (4) professional gangsters, or a combination of these. In any case, strikebreaking itself is not illegal. However, it is generally considered that when management does not negotiate with the union and operates the business with strikebreakers for the sole purpose of breaking up the strike, it is considered a violation of the right to strike and the right to organize. In addition, labor unions usually set up pickets to prevent strikebreakers, but there are many cases where management tries to break the pickets by force, resulting in violent clashes. [Kenji Yoshida] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ストライキ中の工場や事業場で働く労働者。スキャブscab(病菌、疥癬(かいせん)の意)ともいう。労働組合がストライキに入ると、経営者は企業活動を確保するため、種々の手段を用いてその切り崩しを図ろうとする。スト破りは、〔1〕臨時工、下請工など非組合員、〔2〕第二組合員または管理職、〔3〕争議脱落者または組合脱退者、〔4〕職業的暴力団、などの動員もしくは雇入れのいずれか、またはその併用で通例行われる。いずれの形にせよ、スト破り自体は違法とはいえない。しかし、経営者が組合側と団体交渉をなんらもたず、ストライキの切り崩しだけを目的にスト破りによる操業を行うことは、争議権、団結権に対する侵害とみなされるのが一般的な見解である。なお、スト破りを防止するため、労働組合はピケットを張るのが普通であるが、経営者はこれに対し実力でピケットを破ろうとして暴力的な衝突が起こる例がしばしばである。 [吉田健二] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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