Takuba Kei - Takuba Kei

The first emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty of China (reigned 386-409). His posthumous name was Daowu Emperor. His temple name was Taizu. He was the grandson of Dai King Tuoba Shiyijian, who was destroyed by Former Qin. When Former Qin collapsed after the defeat at Fei River, he became king in 386, and later renamed his country Wei and established his capital in Shengle (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). After defeating Later Yan and advancing into the Central Plains, he ascended to the throne in 398 and moved the capital to Pingcheng (Datong). The emperor used Chinese bureaucrats, mainly from the Later Yan lineage, to establish various systems such as government systems, ceremonies, and legal codes, and carried out a large-scale exodus of residents to other areas, solidifying the foundations of the Northern Wei dynasty. He carried out the dissolution of tribes, removing the northern nomads, who were the basis of military power, from the control of tribal leaders and linking them directly to imperial power, which is noteworthy as something that differed from the other Five Barbarians states. In his later years, he became a dictator, executing many of his noble retainers, and was killed by his son, King Shao of Qinghe.

[Keifumi Kubozoe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北魏(ほくぎ)初代の皇帝（在位386～409）。諡号(しごう)は道武帝。廟号(びょうごう)は太祖。前秦(ぜんしん)に滅ぼされた代王拓跋什翼犍(じゅうよくけん)の孫。淝水(ひすい)の敗戦で前秦が瓦解(がかい)すると、386年代王の位につき、ついで国号を魏と改め盛楽（内モンゴル自治区）に都を置いた。後燕(こうえん)を破って中原(ちゅうげん)に進出すると、398年帝位に登り平城（大同）に遷都した。帝は後燕(こうえん)系を主とする漢人官僚を用いて、官制、儀礼、律令(りつりょう)などの諸制度を定め、大規模な徙民(しみん)（住民を他郷に移す）を行って北魏の基礎を固めた。部族解散を断行して軍事力の根幹たる北方遊牧民を部族長の統率下から離して帝権に直結したことは、他の五胡(ごこ)諸国と異なる点として注目される。晩年には功臣を多く誅殺(ちゅうさつ)するなど独裁化し、子の清河王紹に殺された。

［窪添慶文］

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