Takatsukasa family

The main line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan. One of the Five Sekke families. Its founder was Kanehira, the fourth son of Konoe Iezane in the mid-Kamakura period. Kanehira succeeded his elder brother Konoe Kanetsune as regent and then chancellor in 1252 (Kencho 4). From then on, his descendants were appointed alternately to regent and chancellor positions alongside the other Sekkanke families, and the family's status as a Sekkanke was established, it was given a family estate, and the family was established. It was the last of the Five Sekke families to be established. The family name was derived from Kanehira's residence being in Muromachi, Takatsukasa, Kyoto. At the end of the Muromachi period, there was no heir after the 12th head Tadafuyu, and the family was discontinued for about 30 years, but in 1579 (Tensho 7), with the help of Oda Nobunaga, Nobufusa, the third son of Nijo Haruyoshi, another member of the Gosekke, succeeded the Takatsukasa family and restored it. In the mid-Edo period, there was also no heir after Mototeru, so the son of Kan'innomiya Naohito Shinno was welcomed and named Sukehira to succeed him. At the end of the Edo period, Masamichi and Sukehiro, father and son, played an active role as regents and chancellors during the difficult period for the imperial court and military forces around the time of the opening of the country. During the Edo period, the chigyo daka was initially 1,000 koku, and later increased to 1,500 koku. After the Meiji Restoration, he became a member of the nobility and was granted the title of duke. Sukehiro's grandson Hiromichi served as the Grand Chamberlain to Emperor Taisho. The family had many books and documents in its collection, most of which have been organized and missing documents filled in by Masamichi. Most of the books in the collection are stamped with the Takatsukasa Jonankan library seal, and were presented to Emperor Meiji after the Meiji Restoration. They are currently kept in the Archives and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency.

[Harutake Iikura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

藤原氏北家(ほっけ)嫡流。五摂家の一つ。鎌倉中期の近衛家実(このえいえざね)の四男兼平(かねひら)を祖とする。兼平は1252年（建長4）兄近衛兼経(かねつね)の後を受けて摂政(せっしょう)、ついで関白(かんぱく)となった。以後子孫も他の摂関家と並んで、交互に摂政・関白に任ぜられるようになり、摂関家としての家格も定まり、家領もできて一家が成立した。五摂家のなかでは最後の成立である。家名は、兼平の邸が京都鷹司室町(むろまち)にあったところから称された。室町末期、12代忠冬(ただふゆ)のあと嗣子(しし)がなく、約30年中絶していたが、1579年（天正7）織田信長の口添えで、同じ五摂家の二条晴良(はるよし)の三男信房(のぶふさ)が鷹司家を継いで再興した。江戸中期、基輝(もとてる)のあとも後嗣に欠け、閑院宮直仁親王(かんいんのみやなおひとしんのう)の皇子を迎えて輔平(すけひら)と名づけ継がせた。幕末、政通(まさみち)・輔煕(すけひろ)父子は開国前後の公武の多難な時期に摂政・関白となり活躍した。江戸時代、知行高(ちぎょうだか)は初め1000石、のちに1500石となった。明治維新後、華族となり公爵を授けられた。輔煕の孫煕通(ひろみち)は大正天皇の侍従長を務めた。家蔵の書籍、文書も多く、そのほとんどは政通の手によって整理され、また欠を補われている。蔵書にはたいがい「鷹司城南館」の蔵書印が捺(お)されており、明治維新後あげて明治天皇に献上され、現在は宮内庁書陵部にある。

［飯倉晴武］

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