A Hungarian group that has had a unique historical and cultural development. There is no consensus on its origin, but it was already a group that was distinct from other Hungarians since the Árpád dynasty. In the Middle Ages, they settled in the border areas, especially in Transylvania in the east, and were tasked with defending the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary. In return, the Székelys were given the same freedoms and privileges as the nobility, and were recognized as autonomous. When a peasant revolt broke out in Transylvania in 1437, they formed the "League of Three Nations" with Hungarian nobles and German townspeople to protect their privileges. From the 14th century onwards, the Székelys began to differentiate into classes, and the lower class Székelys rebelled against the ruling class Székelys (1465, 1526). In 1562, they lost their privileges as a group, and in 1848, they lost all their privileges. In the second half of the 19th century, left behind by economic development, many Székelys emigrated to Moldova (Romania) and America. Even after Transylvania became part of Romania under the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, the region maintained its unique culture. It is especially famous for its gravestones, the unique woodcarvings at the Székely Gate, and its national costumes. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ハンガリー人のなかで,独自の歴史的・文化的発展をした集団。起源について定説はないが,アールパード朝期からすでにほかのハンガリー人から区別された集団であった。中世には,辺境地帯,特に東部のトランシルバニアに入植し,ハンガリー王国辺境防衛を任務とした。その見返りとして,セーケイ人全体に一括して貴族と同様の自由と特権が与えられ,自治権が認められた。 1437年にトランシルバニアで農民反乱が起きると,ハンガリー人貴族,ドイツ人都市民とともに,特権を守るために「三民族同盟」を結成した。 14世紀以降,セーケイ人内の階層分化が始り,下層セーケイ人の,支配層セーケイ人に対する反乱が起った (1465,1526) 。 1562年に集団としての特権を失い,1848年には全特権を失った。 19世紀後半,経済発展に取残され,多数のセーケイ人がモルドバ (ルーマニア) やアメリカに移住した。 1920年のトリアノン条約によりトランシルバニアがルーマニア領となったのちも,独自の文化を保持した。特に墓標や「セーケイ門」に見られる独自の木彫,民族衣装などが有名。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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