Amundsen, Roald

Japanese: アムンゼン(英語表記)Amundsen, Roald
Amundsen, Roald
Born July 16, 1872 in Borge, near Oslo
[Died] June 18, 1928?. Norwegian explorer of the Arctic Ocean. Full name Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen. Known as a pioneer of polar exploration and the first person to reach the South Pole (→ Antarctica). He studied medicine at Christiania University, but dropped out and chose to become a sailor. In 1897, he participated in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition as a navigator. In 1903, he set sail with six crew members on the sailing ship "Eure" to discover the North Magnetic Pole (→ Magnetic Pole). After continuing observations in northeastern Greenland for one year and seven months, he became the first person to cross the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean in 1905-06, reaching the Bering Strait. He planned to cross the North Pole (→ North Pole), but after learning of the success of American explorer Robert Edwin Peary (1909), he set sail from Norway in June 1910 with the aim of reaching the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, he was the first to reach the South Pole, 34 days before the British Robert Falcon Scott expedition, who was also heading for the South Pole. In 1926, he crossed the North Pole in an airship. In 1928, he set off for the Arctic Ocean by plane to rescue the Italian Umberto Nobile Expedition, but was lost. (→ Antarctic Expedition, Arctic Expedition)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1872.7.16. オスロ近郊ボルゲ
[没]1928.6.18?. 北極海
ノルウェーの探検家。フルネーム Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen。極地探検の第一人者,南極点(→南極)最初の到達者として知られる。クリスチャニア大学で医学を学んでいたが,中途退学し,船乗りの道を選んだ。1897年ベルギーの南極探検隊に航海士として参加。1903年北磁極(→磁極)を発見するため,帆船『ユーア』号で,6人の乗組員とともに出帆。グリーンランド北東部で 1年7ヵ月間観測を続けたあと,1905~06年に大西洋から太平洋へ通じる北西航路の初の横断に成功し,ベーリング海峡に到達。北極点(→北極)横断を計画したが,アメリカ合衆国の探検家ロバート・エドウィン・ピアリーの成功(1909)を知り,南極点への到達を目指して,1910年6月ノルウェーを出航。1911年12月14日,同じ南極点を目指していたイギリスのロバート・ファルコン・スコット隊より 34日早く,南極点に初到達。1926年には飛行船で北極を横断。1928年遭難したイタリアのウンベルト・ノビレ探検隊の救援のため飛行機で北極海へ出発したまま行方不明となった。(→南極探検,北極探検)

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