Daizenshiki - Daizenshiki

An ancient central government office. Under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Household Ministry, it handled the receipt and disbursement of goods from various provinces, and was responsible for cooking meals for the imperial court officials and for meals at the imperial court. It consisted of four officials under the rank of Shogoi Daibu (chief official), two chief soy sauce officers and two chief confectionery officers, 160 cooks, 30 messengers, two direct servants, 80 messengers, and other miscellaneous servants such as cormorant fishermen and net pullers. Based on an investigation of the Heijo Palace ruins, it is estimated that the Daizenshoku office during the Nara period was located north of the area of ​​the First Daigokuden. Three huge wells, the remains of 44 buildings surrounding them, about 20 pits, and a huge amount of tableware have been excavated, along with many wooden labels for rice, walnuts, salt, seaweed, sea urchins, and other seafood that were tributes from the provinces, proving that these foods were cooked here. There are also wooden tablets requesting red beans, hishio, vinegar, and miso.

[Jiro Iwamoto]

"Heijo Palace Excavation Report II and IV" (1962 and 1966), edited and published by the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. "Moccasins Excavated from the Heijo Palace Site and the Daizenshoku" by Kojiro Naoki (included in "Various Issues in the History of the Nara Period" (1968, Hanawa Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代の中央官庁。宮内省(くないしょう)の管轄で、諸国の調(ちょう)の品物を出納し、宮中の官人の食事や朝廷での会食の調理を担当した。正五位(しょうごい)の大夫(だいぶ)（長官）以下役人4人、主醤(ひしおのつかさ)・主菓餅(くだもののつかさ)各2人、調理をする膳部(かしわで)160人、使部(つかいべ)30人、直丁(じきちょう)2人、駈使丁(くしちょう)80人、ほかに鵜飼(うかい)や網引(あびき)（網曳）などの雑供戸(ざつくこ)が所属した。平城宮跡の調査により、奈良時代の大膳職は第一次大極殿(だいごくでん)地区の北側と推定されている。巨大な井戸3か所とそれを囲む建物跡44棟、土坑約20、膨大な量の食器類とともに、地方からの貢進物である米・クルミや塩・海藻・ウニなどの海産物の荷札木簡が多数出土しており、これらの食料がここで調理されたことがわかる。また小豆・醤(ひしお)・酢・「未醤(みそ)」等を請求した文書木簡もある。

［岩本次郎］

『奈良文化財研究所編・刊『平城宮発掘調査報告Ⅱ・Ⅳ』（1962・1966）』▽『直木孝次郎著「平城宮跡出土の木簡と大膳職」（『奈良時代史の諸問題』所収・1968・塙書房）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例