He is one of the guardian deities of Buddhism, and is praised alongside Brahma. Originally a Brahman god, he is a thunder god and a war god in the Rig Veda, the oldest sacred text in India. His original name was Indra, who is famous in Vedic mythology, and he became famous for his brave battle against Asura. In Buddhism, he resides in the Fortress of Good View in Trayastrimsa heaven at the top of Mount Sumeru, where he commands the Four Heavenly Kings and watches over the human world. His name appears in early Buddhist scriptures, and the story of the Snow Mountain Boy in the Shogyobon chapter of the Mahayana Nirvana Sutra is particularly famous, in which Taishakuten transforms himself into a rakshasa (demon) to test and encourage the boy's training. In esoteric Buddhism, he protects the east as one of the Eight Heavenly Kings and one of the Twelve Heavenly Kings. Famous sculptures include the half-seated statue riding a white elephant in the lecture hall of Toji Temple (Kyoogokokuji Temple) in Kyoto, and the standing statue in the main hall of Toshodaiji Temple in Nara. Shibamata Taishakuten in Katsushika Ward, Tokyo is famous as a temple worshipped by the common people. [Yoshiaki Mochizuki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
梵天(ぼんてん)と並び称される仏法の守護神の一つ。もとはバラモン教の神で、インド最古の聖典『リグ・ベーダ』のなかでは、雷霆神(らいていしん)であり武神である。ベーダ神話に著名なインドラIndraが原名で、阿修羅(あしゅら)との戦いに勇名を馳(は)せる。仏教においては須弥山(しゅみせん)の頂上にある忉利天(とうりてん)の善見城(ぜんけんじょう)に住して、四天王を統率し、人間界をも監視する。初期の仏典にその名がみられ、ことに『大乗涅槃経(だいじょうねはんぎょう)』「聖行品(しょうぎょうぼん)」にある雪山童子(せっさんどうじ)の説話は有名で、帝釈天が羅刹(らせつ)(鬼)に身を変じて童子の修行を試し励ます役割を演じている。密教では護世八方天(ごせはっぽうてん)および十二天の一として東方を守る。彫刻では京都東寺(教王護国寺)講堂の白象に乗る半跏像(はんかぞう)、奈良唐招提寺(とうしょうだいじ)金堂の立像が著名。なお、東京都葛飾(かつしか)区の柴又(しばまた)帝釈天は、庶民信仰の寺として有名である。 [望月良晃] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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