Elementary excitation

Japanese: 素励起 - それいき（英語表記）elementary excitation

The excited state of a macroscopic object consisting of many interacting particles can be considered as a collection of certain particles, and these particles are called elementary excitations. Although they are called particles, they are different from particles in a vacuum, and are virtual particles that incorporate the effects of interactions, and in this sense they are also called quasiparticles. There is a certain dispersion relationship w = w ( q ) between the momentum q and energy w of elementary excitations, and like normal particles, they are quantized according to Fermi statistics or Bose statistics.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

相互作用している多数の粒子よりなる巨視的物体の励起状態は，ある種の粒子の集りとみなすことができるが，この粒子を素励起という。粒子といっても真空中の粒子とは異なり，相互作用の効果をとり入れたいわば仮想的な粒子であって，この意味で準粒子quasiparticleとも呼ばれる。素励起のもつ運動量qとエネルギーwの間に一定の分散関係w＝w(q)があり，通常の粒子と同様，フェルミ統計，あるいはボース統計に従い量子化される。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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