Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Japanese: ソビエト連邦共産党 - ソビエトれんぽうきょうさんとう

The only political party that ruled the Soviet Union. Successor to the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, it was named the Russian Communist Party in 1918 after the Russian Revolution, and changed its name to the All-Union Communist Party in 1925, and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952. Lenin led the party until 1922, after which Stalin, Zinoviev, Trotsky and others fought against it, but Stalin's leadership was established in the 1930s. With this change in leadership, the party shifted from its initial world revolutionary line to a line of socialism in one country from the mid-1920s onwards, and internationally it exercised tremendous leadership over the international communist movement through the Comintern, and maintained this leadership even after World War II through the Cominform and other organizations. During this time, however, contradictions in Stalin's leadership system also accumulated, and criticism of Stalin surfaced after the 20th Party Congress in 1956. During the Khrushchev era (1953-1964) and Brezhnev era (1964-1982), the party's international leadership began to waver due to the unrest in Eastern Europe and the Sino-Soviet dispute. Gorbachev, who became General Secretary in 1985, promoted reforms both inside and outside the party under the banner of perestroika (reconstruction). The constitution was amended in March 1990 to abolish Article 6, which defined the party's leadership position, and the party's popularity rapidly declined. As all the leaders of the coup that took place in August 1991 were members of the Communist Party's Central Committee, the Communist Party's Central Committee was dissolved on August 24 of that year, and the party's activities were also suspended by the Supreme Soviet. As a result, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was dissolved. In addition, during this time, in 1990, the Communist Party of Russia was formed, which was a successor to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. → Russia → Related topics Communist Party | Zhdanov | Sibelnik | Japanese Communist Party | Pravda | Bolshevik | Politburo | Institute of Marxism-Leninism | Yakovlev | Eurocommunism

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ソビエト連邦を支配した唯一の政党。ロシア社会民主労働党の後身で，ロシア革命後の1918年ロシア共産党と名のり，1925年全連邦共産党，1952年ソビエト連邦共産党に改称。1922年まではレーニンが指導，以後スターリン，ジノビエフ，トロツキーらが抗争したが，1930年代にはスターリンの指導権が確立した。この指導者交代に伴い，初期の世界革命路線から1920年代半ば以降一国社会主義路線に転じ，国際的にはコミンテルンを通じて国際共産主義運動に対する絶大な指導性を発揮し，第２次大戦後もコミンフォルム等を通じてこの指導性を維持していた。しかしこの間スターリン指導体制の矛盾も蓄積され，1956年の第20回党大会以降スターリン批判が表面化し，フルシチョフ時代（1953年―1964年），ブレジネフ時代（1964年―1982年）には東欧動乱から中ソ論争を経て国際的指導権は揺らぎ始めた。1985年書記長に就任したゴルバチョフはペレストロイカ（再建）を旗印に党内外の改革を推進した。1990年３月の憲法改正によって党の指導的地位を定めた第６条は廃止され，また国民の支持率も急速に低下した。1991年８月に起きたクーデタ事件の指導者がすべて共産党中央委員会のメンバーであったため，同年８月24日共産党中央委員会は解散，共産党の活動も最高会議において停止された。これによりソビエト連邦共産党は解体された。なお，この間1990年にソビエト連邦共産党の流れをくんだロシア共産党が結成された。→ロシア
→関連項目共産党｜ジダーノフ｜シベルニク｜日本共産党｜プラウダ｜ボリシェビキ｜ポリトビューロー｜マルクス=レーニン主義研究所｜ヤコブレフ｜ユーロコミュニズム

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