Family tree - Zokufu

A family tree is a record of the lineage of a family. It is said that the first genealogy was the record of the royal family during the Later Han Dynasty in China. It is said that family trees were compiled in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty, but the oldest surviving family tree is the "Seonghwabu" of the Andong Gwon clan, created in the 15th century. A family tree begins with a preface at the time of compilation, followed by a record of the ancestor Hyeonjo's deeds, deeds, tombstone inscriptions, and a map of Hyeonjo's tomb and ancestral shrine. It also lists the names, pen names, titles, posthumous names, official positions, birth and death dates, tomb locations, and spouse surnames and family ancestral clans of all male members of the family from the founder to the present generation. However, women's names are not recorded, and when a woman marries, only the family name and family home of her husband, the names of his father, ancestor, and children are recorded, making it a strictly male-line record. Nowadays, anyone can make a family tree, but in feudal society, only members of yangban clans could have one, and it was like a certificate of yangban status. Without one, one would be reduced to commoner status and would be required to do military service, so the task of compiling family trees accelerated from the mid-Yi dynasty onwards. There are two types of family trees: the Daedongpu, which covers the entire family from the founder to the present generation, and the Hapu, which are compiled for each branch whose founder was an influential person. Compiling the Daedongpu is a large-scale task and is nearly impossible for large clans, so Hapu are mainly compiled every 30 to 40 years, but the lineage to the founder and the lineage between each branch must be made clear. Since family trees are said to be a symbol of the yangban class, compilation projects are still being actively carried out even today, in a social climate that is strongly oriented toward the yangban class, and various efforts are being made to include photographs.

[Yoon Hak Jun]

"Yoon Hak-jun's 'Ondol Night Tales' (Chuko Shinsho)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

一族の系譜を記した家系譜。中国の後漢(ごかん)時代に王室の系譜を記録したのがその嚆矢(こうし)とされる。朝鮮でも高麗(こうらい)時代から編纂(へんさん)されたといわれるが、現存する最古の族譜としては、15世紀につくられた安東権氏の「成化譜」がある。族譜にはまず編纂時の序文や、先祖・顕祖の事跡、行状記、墓碑文、顕祖の墓や祖廟(そびょう)の所在図などが記載され、始祖から現世代に至る一族のすべての男性成員の名、字(あざな)、号、諡号(しごう)、官職、生没年月日、墓の所在地、配偶者の姓と本貫(ほんがん)などが記載される。ただし、女の名は記載されず、嫁ぐと夫の姓名・本貫と、その父や顕祖、子の名が記されるだけの、徹底した男系中心の記録である。族譜は現代でこそだれでもつくってもてるが、封建社会では両班(ヤンバン)氏族しかもつことができず、いわば両班の証書のようなもので、これがないと常民に転落、兵役なども負わされることから、李朝(りちょう)中期以後、族譜編纂事業に一段と拍車がかかった。族譜には、始祖から現世代に至るまでの一族を網羅した大同譜と、有力な人物を派祖とする一派を単位として編纂される派譜とがある。大同譜の編纂は大掛りで、大氏族の場合ほとんど不可能に近く、したがって30～40年ごとに編纂される派譜が主であるが、始祖までの系譜と各派間の系統は明らかにされなければならない。族譜が両班の表徴といわれるだけに、両班志向の強い社会的風潮のなかで、いまも編纂事業は盛んに行われ、写真を入れるなどさまざまなくふうも試みられている。

［尹　學　準］

『尹學準著『オンドル夜話』（中公新書）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例