A conic section is a curve whose cuts expand infinitely in both directions. Mathematically, it is expressed as the locus of a point P whose difference in distance from two fixed points F and F' is a constant, |PF~PF'|. In Cartesian coordinates O xy , if F( ae , 0) and F'(- ae , 0) are expressed as the equation x 2 / a 2 - y 2 / b 2 = 1 (where a > b > 0). e is called the eccentricity. This is called the standard equation of a hyperbola. The midpoint of the line segment FF' is called the center of the hyperbola, and the intersection of the line FF' and the hyperbola is called the vertex of the hyperbola, and in the standard form, they are (0, 0), ( a , 0), and (- a , 0), respectively. The directrix and asymptote are expressed as two straight lines x = ± a / e and x / a ± y / b = 0, respectively. Furthermore, the equation of a hyperbola can be expressed using hyperbolic functions as x = a cosh t , y = b sinh t ( t is a parameter). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
円錐曲線の一つで,切り口が両方に限りなく広がる曲線。数学的には,2定点 F ,F′ からの距離の差 |PF~PF′| が一定の点Pの軌跡と表わされる。直交座標 Oxy において,F(ae,0) ,F′(-ae,0) とすると,方程式は,x2/a2-y2/b2=1 (ただし a>b>0 ) で表わされる。 e を離心率といい, 。これを双曲線の標準方程式という。線分 FF′ の中点を双曲線の中心,直線 FF′ と双曲線との交点を双曲線の頂点といい,標準形ではそれぞれ (0,0) および (a,0) ,(-a,0) となる。準線と漸近線はそれぞれ2直線 x=±a/e および x/a±y/b=0 で表わされる。また双曲線の方程式は双曲線関数を用いれば,x=a cosh t ,y=b sinh t ( t は媒介変数) で表わされる。
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