Genu varum (bowleg)

Japanese: O脚 - オーきゃく(英語表記)Genu varum (bowleg)
Genu varum (bowleg)

What is the disease?

patella ( Pair of hands ) This refers to the state in which when you stand with your feet together and facing forward, your knees do not touch.

How symptoms manifest

This is a disease that is often noticed as an abnormality in the way a child walks when the child begins to walk. Bowlegs are normal in newborns and improve rapidly by the age of 2 (Figure 32). It is said that if a child first starts walking too early, bowlegs can become severe and take a long time to improve.

Testing and diagnosis

You should see a specialist if

① Obvious bow legs

② Severe bow legs where the distance between the knees is four fingers or more when standing

3) Bow legs that do not improve naturally after the age of 2

These are the three. In these cases, you may have a disease, so please have a blood test and a standing leg X-ray of the front of the patella.

Diseases that should be distinguished include rickets, skeletal disease (a group of diseases that cause congenital bone growth disorders), Blount's disease, fractures, Ligaments ( Constitution ) These include injury, infection, and tumors.

In rickets, serum phosphorus levels are decreased and alkaline phosphatase levels are increased. X-ray examinations are useful for diagnosing skeletal diseases and Blount's disease. Blount's disease is a disease of unknown cause that causes bow legs. Proximal medial tibia ( Invisible ) At the metaphysis of beak ( Beak ) It is a progressive disease in which the condition changes. In older children, there is also the possibility of malunion of fractures, growth disorders after osteomyelitis, and tumor diseases, so caution is required.

Treatment methods

If the child is under 2 years old and the above differential diagnoses can be ruled out, then observation is acceptable in the hope of natural recovery. If there is an underlying disease such as rickets, the relevant disease will be treated. Orthotic treatment is considered in cases of skeletal disease or when the angle between the femur and tibia bone axes on X-rays is 195 degrees or more, but the effectiveness of this treatment is questionable. Even if observation is continued until the age of 10, correction ( Resilience ) If this is not possible, surgical treatment may be chosen depending on the severity of the condition.

Hidehiko Kawabata

Figure 32 Natural course of FTA (femoral-tibial shaft angle)
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Figure 32 Natural FTA (femoral-tibial axis angle)


Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

 膝蓋骨(しつがいこつ)を前方正面にして、足を揃えて起立したときに左右の膝が接しない状態をいいます。

症状の現れ方

 歩行を開始したころに歩き方の異常として気づかれることが多い病気です。新生児期のO脚は正常であり、2歳までに急速に改善していきます(図32)。初めて歩いた時期が早いとO脚が重症化して、改善に時間がかかることがあるといわれています。

検査と診断

 専門医の診察を受ける必要があるのは、

①明らかな左右差のあるO脚

②立位での左右の膝の距離が指4本分以上の重度のO脚

③2歳を過ぎて自然治癒しないO脚

の3つです。これらの場合は病気である可能性があるので、血液検査と膝蓋骨正面の立位下肢X線検査を受けてください。

 区別すべき疾患に、くる病、骨系統(こつけいとう)疾患(先天性の骨の成長障害を呈する疾患群)、ブラウント病、骨折、靭帯(じんたい)損傷、感染、腫瘍などがあります。

 くる病では血清リン値の低下、アルカリフォスファターゼ値の上昇を認めます。骨系統疾患、ブラウント病の診断にはX線検査が有用です。ブラウント病はO脚を来す原因不明の疾患で、X線で脛骨近位内側(けいこつきんいないそく)の骨幹端に(くちばし)状の変化を認める進行性の病気です。また、年長児では骨折の変形治癒や骨髄炎後の成長障害、腫瘍性疾患の可能性もあり、注意を要します。

治療の方法

 2歳以下で、前記の鑑別疾患を除外できれば自然回復を期待した経過観察でかまいません。くる病など基礎疾患があれば、該当する基礎疾患の治療を行います。装具治療は、骨系統疾患や、X線上は大腿骨と脛骨の骨軸のなす角度が195度以上の場合に考慮されますが、その有効性には疑問が残っています。10歳まで経過観察しても矯正(きょうせい)されなかった場合には、その程度により手術療法を選択することもあります。

川端 秀彦

図32 FTA(大骨・脛骨軸角)の自然経過
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図32 FTA(大骨・脛骨軸角)の自然…


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