Apart from bones and gases inside organs, there is almost no difference in the X-ray absorption rate of organs and tissues in the human body. Therefore, contrast agents are used to artificially create differences in absorption to clarify the shape and movement of organs. There are positive contrast agents with high X-ray absorption rates and negative contrast agents with low X-ray absorption rates. The former are compounds with 137 Ba and 127 I, which have higher atomic numbers than the constituent substances of the human body. Barium is used in the form of barium sulfate sol mainly for examination of the digestive tract, while iodine is used as an organic iodine compound for angiography, renal pyelography, spinal cord photography, and bronchography. The latter includes air, oxygen, carbon monoxide, etc., and is used in pneumocephalus and pneumothorax. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
骨や臓器内のガスなどは別として,人体内の臓器,組織にはX線の吸収率の差がほとんどない。そこで,人工的に吸収差をつけて臓器の形状,運動状況などを明確にするために,造影剤が用いられる。造影剤にはX線吸収率の大きい陽性造影剤とX線吸収率の小さい陰性造影剤とがある。前者には,人体の構成物質よりも原子番号が大きい 137Ba や 127I の化合物が用いられる。バリウムは硫酸バリウム・ゾルとしておもに消化管の検査に,ヨウ素は有機ヨウ素化合物として血管撮影,腎盂撮影,脊髄撮影,気管支撮影などに使用される。後者には空気,酸素,一酸化炭素などが含まれ,気脳法,気胸法などの際に用いられる。
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