Saintpaulia - Saintpaulia

Japanese: セントポーリア - せんとぽーりあ
Saintpaulia - Saintpaulia

A general term for the genus Saintpaulia in the Gesneriaceae family (APG classification: Gesneriaceae). A perennial plant native to tropical eastern Africa, there are about 20 species, divided into short-stemmed and long-stemmed species depending on their growth form. Most species are bluish-purple and have five-petal flowers similar to violets, so they are also called African violets. Although the history of breeding is less than 100 years, there are many varieties with a wide variety of flower shapes, flower colors, leaf shapes, and leaf colors. These include hobbyist varieties that were mainly developed in the United States, and producer varieties that were developed mainly in Germany. Although it is weak to heat, it can be grown indoors, so it can be said that it has become popular as living conditions have improved.

A warm environment of 18-24°C, 70% humidity, and approximately 10,000 lux of light is suitable for cultivation, but will die if exposed to temperatures below 5°C or strong light such as direct sunlight for long periods of time. Use soil such as a half-and-half mixture of vermiculite and peat moss, and lightly plant in a 3-5 size pot. Use stored water for irrigation, and water only when the surface of the pot soil dries. Fertilize with liquid fertilizer twice a month during the growing season. All varieties except the striped flower variety can be easily propagated by leaf cuttings.

[Koji Karasawa July 16, 2021]

Cultural history

There are 18 known species of Saintpaulia, but their native habitat is limited to parts of Tanzania and Kenya, and their discovery was late. In 1892 (some say 1850), Baron Walter von Saint-Paul (1860-1910), who was then governor of the Usambara region of German East Africa, discovered the first species on the Tanga coast in northern Tanzania. From the specimen he sent to Germany, Hermann Wendland (1825-1903), director of the Royal Botanical Gardens of Herrenhausen, created a genus in honor of the discoverer and named it Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl. Ionantha means violet-like. In 1930, the American company Armacost & Royston developed Blue Boy, a hybrid of S. confusa BLBurtt and Ionantha. New varieties were born one after another from its descendants, becoming the foundation of the plant boom.

[Hiroshi Yuasa July 16, 2021]

[Reference] | Gesneriaceae
Saintpaulia
There are many cultivars, and the flower shape, flower color, leaf shape, and leaf color vary widely. Also known as African violet. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Saintpaulia


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イワタバコ科(APG分類:イワタバコ科)セントポーリア属の総称。熱帯アフリカ東部原産の多年草で、原種は約20種あり、発育形態によって短茎種と長茎種に分けられる。ほとんどの種が青紫色で、スミレに似た5弁花をつけるので、アフリカスミレAfrican violetともよばれる。品種改良の歴史は100年足らずであるが、花形、花色、葉形、葉色などは変化に富み、多くの品種がある。これらにはおもにアメリカで改良された趣味家用品種と、ドイツを中心に育成された生産者用品種とがある。暑さには弱いが室内で栽培できることから、生活環境の改善に伴って普及した植物といえる。

 栽培には温度18~24℃、湿度70%、光量約1万ルクスの温暖な環境が適しており、5℃以下の低温や直射日光のような強光に長時間当てると枯死する。用土はバーミキュライトとピートモスを半々に混ぜたものなどを用い、3~5号鉢に軽く植える。灌水(かんすい)はくみ置き水を用い、鉢土の表面が乾いたら与える程度とする。肥料は液肥を成長期に月2回の割合で施す。縞花(しまばな)品種以外は葉挿しによって容易に増殖できる。

[唐澤耕司 2021年7月16日]

文化史

セントポーリア属は18種知られるが、原産地はタンザニアとケニアの一部に限定され、その発見は遅かった。1892年(1850年説もある)当時ドイツ領東アフリカのウサンバラ地方の長官ウォルター・フォン・セントポール男爵Walter von Saint-Paul(1860―1910)が、タンザニア北部のタンガ海岸で最初の種を発見、ドイツに送った標本からヘレンハウゼン王室植物園長のヘルマン・ウェンドランドHermann Wendland(1825―1903)が発見者を記念した属をたて、セントポーリア・イオナンタSaintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl.と命名した。イオナンタはスミレのようなという意味。1930年にアメリカのアーマコスト・アンド・ロイストン社がイオナンタとコンフーサS. confusa B.L.Burttの雑種ブルーボーイを作出、その子孫から新品種が続々誕生し、ブームの礎(いしずえ)となった。

[湯浅浩史 2021年7月16日]

[参照項目] | イワタバコ科
セントポーリア
数多くの園芸品種があり、花形、花色、葉形、葉色などは変化に富む。別名アフリカスミレ©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

セントポーリア


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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