An exchange for trading rice futures. Its purpose was to distribute rice smoothly and quickly, and to create and maintain a fair price for rice. It was mainly speculative trading, but actual trading was also possible. Its origins date back to the Edo period, but it was abolished in 1939 (Showa 14) with the enforcement of the Rice Distribution Control Law under the food control system. From the latter half of the Edo period onwards, rice became a staple food for the people, but due to the instability of production and distribution, rice prices fluctuated greatly, and rice was also the subject of speculative trading by rice merchants. The Meiji government banned speculative trading in rice, limiting it to the genuine rice trading market, which allowed purely actual trading, but as this caused problems for rice merchants' management, the Rice Trading House Ordinance of 1876 (Meiji 9) allowed the speculative market. Later, in 1893, the Exchange Act established the Rice Exchange, and it began to play its role on a national scale, at which point it took on the form of a modern exchange. Due to the amendment of the Food Control Law (1981), a bidding system was put into place by the Independent Rice Price Formation Organization (later the Independent Rice Price Formation Center, currently the National Rice Trading and Price Formation Center) in 1993. Furthermore, in 1994, with the aim of liberalizing rice distribution, the Food Control System was abolished and the Food Law was enacted, but rice prices are traded based on the price determined by the bidding system mentioned above, and the rice exchange has not yet been recreated. [Mitsuo Morimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
米の先物取引をする取引所。米を円滑・敏速に流通させ、米価を適正に形成・維持することを目的とした。主として投機的取引が行われたが、実物取引も可能であった。その起源は江戸時代にさかのぼるが、食糧管理体制になり、1939年(昭和14)米穀配給統制法の施行により廃止された。江戸時代後半以降、米は国民の常食となったが、生産・流通が不安定なため、米価の変動は甚だしく、米は米商人の投機取引の対象でもあった。明治政府は米の投機取引を禁止し、純然たる現物取引のみを行わせる正米(しょうまい)取引市場に限ったが、米商人の経営上支障が生じたため、1876年(明治9)の米商会所(べいしょうかいしょ)条例により投機市場を認めた。その後、1893年、取引所法により米穀取引所としての組織が確立し、全国的規模でその役割を果たすようになり、この段階で近代的取引所の姿を整えた。 食糧管理法の改正(1981年)により、1993年(平成5)以降、自主流通米価格形成機構(後の自主流通米価格形成センター。現全国米穀取引・価格形成センター)による入札制度が行われるようになった。さらに1994年には米の流通の自由化を目的として、食糧管理制度が廃止され、食糧法が制定されたが、米の価格は前述の入札制度によって決められた価格を基準に取引きされており、取引所の再現はまだ行われていない。 [森本三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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