There are three types of tools made of ceramic materials, mainly composed of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), Al 2 O 3 + titanium carbide (TiC), and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). They are used for cutting tools and wear-resistant tools such as drawing dies. When used as cutting tools, they are harder and more wear-resistant at high temperatures than carbide tools, so they can cut at speeds 2 to 10 times faster than carbide tools. They also have the advantage of being able to cut materials that are inefficient or impossible to cut with carbide tools, as there is almost no adhesion or diffusion between the tool material and the workpiece even under high temperatures and pressures during cutting. Their disadvantage, brittleness, has been improved by making the alumina crystal grains finer and more uniform, using additives, and adopting hot pressing methods, and their thermal shock resistance has also been improved. [Shimizu Shinji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セラミックス材料を用いた工具で、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、Al2O3+炭化チタン(TiC)、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)を主成分とする3系統のものがあり、切削工具や引抜きダイスなどの耐摩耗用工具などがある。切削工具として用いた場合、超硬工具より高温下での硬度が高く耐摩耗性も大きいので、超硬工具の2~10倍の高速切削を行える。また切削時の高温・高圧下においても工具材と被削材との溶着、拡散作用がほとんどなく、良好な仕上げ面が得られるなどの特長がある。さらに超硬工具では非能率的、または切削不可能な材料の切削も可能などの利点もある。欠点である脆(もろ)さは、アルミナ結晶粒の微細化、均一化、添加物、ホットプレス法の採用などで改善され、さらに耐熱衝撃性も向上してきている。 [清水伸二] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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