A species of moss in the Marchantialaceae family. The plant is a flat thallus about 1 cm wide and 5 cm long, which grows horizontally in colonies on moist soil. It is dark green and bifurcated 1-2 times. The surface of the thallus has many hexagonal compartments, with grayish white dots in the center. The ventral surface of the thallus has many grayish white rhizoids, and the rhizoid cells have large and small protrusions pointing inward. Dioecious. The male stipe has a stalk about 2 cm high and is disc-shaped. The female stipe has a stalk about 5 cm high and is palmately divided. The sporophyte is produced on the underside of the female stipe, which turns yellowish brown when ripe. Cup-shaped asexual buds (sacs) are often produced on the surface of the thallus, and many dark green asexual buds are produced within these. The gemma falls to the moist ground and grows to form the body of the Marchantia polymorpha. It is distributed almost worldwide, and is quite common in various parts of Japan. Because of its strong reproductive ability through a gemma, it is disliked by gardeners because it kills other plants. In addition, mosses that form thallus are generally called Marchantiales. This includes not only the Marchantialaceae family, but also Conocaceae, Malvaceae, and Scutellariae, among others, but the morphology of the thallus and the method of reproduction vary significantly among them. [Hiroshi Inoue] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
コケ植物ゼニゴケ科の1種。植物体は平らな葉状体で、幅1センチメートル内外、長さ5センチメートル内外になり、湿った土の上に横にはって群生する。濃緑色で二叉(にさ)状に1~2回分かれる。葉状体表面には多数の六角形の区画があり、この中央に灰白色の点状になった気室孔がある。葉状体腹面には多数の灰白色の仮根があり、仮根の細胞には大小の突起が内側に向けて出ている。雌雄異株。雄器托(たく)は高さ2センチメートル内外の柄(え)をもち、円盤状。雌器托は高さ5センチメートル内外の柄をもち、掌状に分かれる。胞子体は雌器托の下面につくられ、熟すと黄褐色となる。葉状体表面に盃(はい)状の無性芽器(盃状体)がつくられることが多く、このなかに多数の濃緑色の無性芽ができる。無性芽は湿った地上に落ち、成長してゼニゴケの体をつくる。ほとんど全世界的に分布し、日本でも各地にごく普通にみられる。無性芽による繁殖力が強いため、園芸家の間では他の植物を枯らすとして嫌われている。 なお、コケ植物のなかで葉状体となるものを一般的にゼニゴケという場合がある。このときにはゼニゴケ科以外にジャゴケ科、ミカヅキゼニゴケ科、ミズゼニゴケ科その他が含まれるが、葉状体の形態、繁殖法などは、それぞれで著しく異なる。 [井上 浩] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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