This refers to the long-term average position of the boundary (equilibrium line) between the accretion and ablation areas of a glacier. In the accretion area of a glacier, snowfall exceeds snowmelt, while in the ablation area, snowmelt exceeds snowfall. Therefore, the snow line can be said to be a line connecting the points on a glacier where the amount of snowfall and snowmelt is equal. On the other hand, even in mountainous areas without glaciers, the lower limit of snow accumulation that rises in summer is sometimes called the snow line. The distribution of glaciers is influenced by the surrounding topography and orientation, so the position (height) of the snow line varies from glacier to glacier. As the actual snow line is strongly influenced by the topography, it is sometimes called the topographic snow line. On the other hand, the average value of the topographic snow line over an entire area is called the regional snow line. The regional snow line is a clue to the climate of the area, so it is sometimes called the climatic snow line. The height of the snow line generally rises from the poles to the equator and from wet areas to dry areas. It is known that during the Quaternary ice age, the snow line was 1,000 to 1,500 meters lower than it is today, and glaciers developed even in Japan, where there are currently no mountains above the snow line. [Yugo Ono] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
氷河の涵養(かんよう)域と消耗(しょうもう)域の境界(均衡線)の長期間にわたる平均的な位置をさす。氷河の涵養域では降雪量が融雪量を上回り、消耗域では逆に融雪量が降雪量を上回る。したがって、氷河の上で降雪量と融雪量が等しい点を連ねた線が雪線であるといってもよい。これに対して、氷河のない山地でも、夏になると上昇していく積雪の下限線を雪線とよぶことがある。氷河の分布は周りの地形や方位によって影響を受けるので、雪線の位置(高さ)は氷河によって異なる。このように実際の雪線は地形の影響を強く受けているので、これを地形的雪線ということもある。一方、ある地域全体にわたる地形的雪線の平均値を広域的雪線という。広域的雪線はその地域の気候を示す手掛りになるので、これを気候的雪線とよぶこともある。雪線の高さは一般に極地方から赤道に向かって、また湿潤な地域から乾燥地域に向かって上昇する。第四紀の氷期には、雪線の高さがいまより1000~1500メートルも低下していたことが知られており、現在では雪線を越える山岳のない日本でも、氷河が発達していた。 [小野有五] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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