Deep Sea Nakatsu - Deep Sea Nakatsu

Japanese: 絶海中津 - ぜっかいちゅうしん
Deep Sea Nakatsu - Deep Sea Nakatsu

A monk of the Muso school of the Rinzai sect in the early Muromachi period. A representative figure of the Gozan school of learning and the arts. He was called Shoken Dojin. He was from Tosa. He first entered Tenryu-ji Temple and studied under Muso Soseki, but later followed Ryuzan Tokuken (1284-1358) of Kennin-ji Temple and studied the Kongo Toka style of Zen under Furubayashi Seishige (1262-1329). In 1368 (Shohei 23, Oan 1), he entered the Ming Dynasty and studied under Kitan Soroku (1318-1390), receiving the title of Zekkai. He is famous for answering questions posed by the Ming Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang). After returning to Japan in 1376 (Tenju 2, Eiwa 2), he lived at Toji Temple, Shokoku Temple, and Nanzen Temple, and was appointed as the Rokuon Soroku. He passed away on April 5, 12th year of Oei, at the age of 70. He was given the imperial posthumous title of Butchi Kosho Kokushi, and later Join Yokusho Kokushi.

He is said to be one of the two great masters of the Gozan school of learning and arts alongside Gido Shushin, and laid the foundations for Gozan literature. Influenced by the Hoshitsushu collection by Kitan's teacher, Shoin Daikin (1284-1344), he was a pioneer in the popularity of shirokubun (four-six style) prose in Japan. In addition to the one-volume collection of sayings, he also produced the two-volume collection of poems Shokenko. Among his pupils were such outstanding scholars as Ein (1366-1425), Seiin (1358-1422), and Yogo (1374-1446).

[D.T. Fujioka, August 21, 2017]

[Reference items] | Shushin Gido | Gozan Literature | Soseki Muso

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

室町初期の臨済(りんざい)宗夢窓(むそう)派の僧。五山学芸の代表的存在。蕉堅(しょうけん)道人と称する。土佐の人。初め天竜寺に入り、夢窓疎石(むそうそせき)に参じたが、のち建仁(けんにん)寺の竜山徳見(りゅうざんとくけん)(1284―1358)に従い、古林清茂(くりんせいむ)(1262―1329)の金剛幢下(こんごうとうか)の禅風を学んだ。1368年(正平23・応安1)入明(にゅうみん)し、季潭宗泐(きたんそうろく)(1318―1390)に参じ、絶海の号を受けた。明の太祖(朱元璋(しゅげんしょう))の問法に答えたことは有名である。1376年(天授2・永和2)帰国後、等持(とうじ)寺、相国(しょうこく)寺、南禅(なんぜん)寺に歴住し、鹿苑僧録(ろくおんそうろく)にも任じられた。応永(おうえい)12年4月5日、70歳で示寂。仏智広照(ぶっちこうしょう)国師、のちに浄印翊聖(じょういんよくしょう)国師と勅諡(ちょくし)された。

 義堂周信(ぎどうしゅうしん)と並んで五山学芸の双璧(そうへき)といわれ、五山文学の基礎をつくった。季潭の師、笑隠大訢(しょういんだいきん)(1284―1344)の『蒲室(ほしつ)集』の影響を受け、日本の四六文(しろくぶん)流行の先駆をなした。語録(1巻)のほか、詩集『蕉堅藁(しょうけんこう)』(2巻)がある。門下から鄂隠(がくいん)(1366―1425)、西胤(せいいん)(1358―1422)、用剛(ようごう)(1374―1446)などの逸材が出た。

[藤岡大拙 2017年8月21日]

[参照項目] | 義堂周信 | 五山文学 | 夢窓疎石

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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