Designated city -

Japanese: 政令指定都市 - せいれいしていとし
Designated city -

Cities with a population of 500,000 or more designated by government ordinance. Large cities originally had administrative and financial capabilities on a par with prefectures, and therefore wanted to be independent from prefectures and handle both prefectural and municipal affairs within their boundaries, but this was seen as going against the comprehensiveness and unity of prefectural administration. The system of government ordinance-designated cities was created as a compromise between the two. This system transfers a total of 19 items of affairs, including social welfare, sanitation, urban planning, and outdoor advertising, which belong to prefectures or their mayors, to cities or their mayors designated by government ordinance (Article 252-19 of the Local Autonomy Law). Furthermore, government ordinance-designated cities can establish wards. These are not local public entities like the special wards of Tokyo, but are merely administrative districts that divide up affairs that fall under the authority of the mayor (Article 252-20 of the same law). As of April 2012, there are 20 cities designated by government ordinance: Sapporo, Sendai, Saitama, Chiba, Kawasaki, Yokohama, Sagamihara, Niigata, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Sakai, Kobe, Okayama, Hiroshima, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, and Kumamoto.

[Yasuhito Abe]

[Reference items] | Administrative district | Core city

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人口50万以上の市のうち政令で指定された市。大都市はもともと道府県なみの行・財政能力を有しているため、道府県から独立して、その区域内において道府県と市町村の両方の事務を処理したいとの希望を有していたが、それは道府県行政の総合性・一体性には反するとみられた。この両者を妥協させたのが政令指定都市制度である。これは道府県ないしその長に属する社会福祉、衛生、都市計画、屋外広告物等、計19項目の事務を政令で指定する都市ないしその長等に委譲した(地方自治法252条の19)。また、政令指定都市は区を設置することができる。これは東京都の特別区のような地方公共団体ではなく、単に市長の権限に属する事務を分掌する行政区にすぎない(同法252条の20)。2012年(平成24)4月時点で、政令指定都市となっているのは札幌、仙台、さいたま、千葉、川崎、横浜、相模原、新潟、静岡、浜松、名古屋、京都、大阪、堺、神戸、岡山、広島、北九州、福岡、熊本の20都市である。

[阿部泰隆]

[参照項目] | 行政区 | 中核市

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