Biological production

Japanese: 生物生産 - せいぶつせいさん
Biological production

A term used to understand the process of growth and reproduction of living organisms from the perspective of energy flow and material circulation. In other words, it is a term used when these processes are reduced to the synthesis or assimilation of organic matter, and are quantitatively understood as a process of energy or material balance. In 1931, German limnologist Thienemann introduced this concept to biology. Synonyms include productivity and productivity. Since Thienemann, research on biological production has been pursued from roughly three directions. The first direction was the study of energy flow and material circulation in ecosystems (1942), which began with American RL Lindemann. The second direction was research on the production structure of plant communities, centered around Danish ecologist Boysen Jensen. And the third direction was research on the production mechanism of species populations. From 1965 to 1972, these studies developed into an international cooperative research project called the International Biological Programme (IBP), whose goal was to "clarify the biological basis of human welfare and productivity."

[Maki Iwao]

[References] | Productivity

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生物が成長したり、繁殖したりする過程をエネルギーの流れと物質循環の観点から理解するために用いられる用語。すなわち、これらの過程を有機物の合成あるいは同化の過程に還元し、エネルギーあるいは物質の収支の過程として量的にとらえようとするときに用いる語である。1931年にドイツの陸水生物学者ティーネマンがこの概念を生物学に導入した。類語に生産性、生産力がある。生物生産の研究はティーネマン以後およそ三つの方向から追究されてきた。第一の方向は、アメリカのリンデマンR. L. Lindemannに始まる生態系のエネルギーの流れと物質循環の研究(1942)である。第二は、デンマークの生態学者ボイセン・イェンセンを中心とする植物群集の生産構造に関する研究。そして第三は種個体群の生産機構に関する研究である。これらの研究は1965年から1972年にかけて、「人類の福祉と生産力の生物学的基礎を明らかにする」ことを目標とする「国際生物学事業計画(IBP)」とよばれる国際協力研究へと発展した。

[牧 岩男]

[参照項目] | 生産性

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Biota - Biota

>>:  Biological engineering

Recommend

Servant - Servant

A general term for servants who served warriors an...

philanthropy

…The word fraternity can mean friendship in the n...

Rescue hut - Sukuigoya

A temporary hut built in the early modern period t...

"Painting Theory" - Kaigaron

...the city was considered a place where citizens...

Semicarbazone

It is a condensation product of carbonyl compound...

Angular momentum

A vector quantity with three components that repr...

Grosvenor, R.

...In the narrow sense, it refers to the above ex...

Guo Ruosi - Peacock

…An astronomer, mathematician, and hydraulic engi...

Smilacina racemosa (English spelling)

…[Tetsuichi Yahara]. … *Some of the terms that me...

Chantilly - Chantilly (English spelling)

A residential and resort town in the Oise departm...

Arsenite - Arsenite

…Diarsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3) is commonly called...

Laws concerning cemeteries, burials, etc.

The disposal of human bodies, such as cremation an...

Prayer - Ganmon

A text expressing the intention of a prayer made ...

Ungerer, T.

...J. Heartfield, who collaborated with him, used...

Ainu Language Research

…He also conducted a wide range of research on th...